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I* ’NUMBER 9 & 10

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VOLUME II

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users

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SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER, I984

CONTENTS

-*4\

Machine Code Tutorial .

The Power of the Stack . . 0

/ joy 7 . ..!!!.*!..!!!!!!”* . i

Exchanging "BASIC" Programs Via MTEKM-11 . !!!!!.* . 2

Technical Comments on the TS /ZX* . ] . ,

New Product News, Old product Offers . !!!!.*!!..*!![[**"* 4

Character Generator . . .

Sphere . . .

Votem on the 2068 . \

xeorth exchange . .!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! . □

Software Review . . .

Telecommunication Notes . a

Math* Zap . . !!!...!.!!!.. ! . 10

Measurement Conversions . ] * * * . j!?

Interest Calculator . 77

Directory . . .

writing Articles for Your Newsletter .

2068 NOTES: A TUTORIAL DN MACHINE CODE PROGRAMMING by DICK SCOVILLE

Part 6

Dick has two articles for us this ,»onth. Please note that his corrections

for last month was printed SIMMS on a 2040 printer using his 110 routines •

JUMP-RELOTTUES

Uhen you use jump-re la t i we instructions, count the number of bytes to be Jumped over From the end oF the two-byte Jbmp-relative instruction jtseiF. Maybe the best may to straight is to remember that the instruction

lsae

has no eFFect. To put it another may, the length (posi¬ tive or negative) of the rela¬ tive jump gets added to the program counter PC which would ordinarily point to the instrur. * Uoiwf o ». _ o 'it i n c the

^.instruction. [-’or example, the instruction

1SEE jr fe

produces an inFinite loop (foe is -2 since PE +2 = 0) .

PC gets reduced

by 2, so instead

of pointing here 1

it points here

(3) and (4.) are the usual way to test a register pair to see lF it is 0000. (4.) OR'S D and

Dand , puts the re into H'.and sets the zero aPPr°Pr lately. The OR of two numbers will be zero only if both of them are zero.

Choosing the wrong relative jump is usually Fatal, and it also very easy to choose the wrong jump-re lative instruction so be carerui. Here are the

f?r. thc .instructions that use relative jumps:

til (Ji

10XX 18/y 2 ftx; x 28XX 30XX 33 X X

DJKZ XX JTS XX JH HZ, XX JR Z,xx JR KC,XX JR C,xx

41 Tj

U’ Pi C

•'ll U.

iif P fV

A 0

y'j

u»

> ' •TJ 0 C

£ ^ -n

V V * tl

T £ _• jt

*■> 3 tO u

18FE

Speating oF timing loops and ’'°“PS' here is a type that the 2068 Ron uses to create a tram or pulses at audio Frequency to send to the tape- recorder (and maybe the BEEPer,

C U» »U

c m a ■- oi

41 C

v «-■ vi 3

•n

'i* ClI rtj y'| y|

u 3 oi •_

a» t? oi

w 1} 0

RFter execution of this instruc-

2*9? „«>« fee «)i u go bati Iwa

. 1 1 a9ain and again — the poor thing has become a vegeta¬ ble and can't be reached. You may as well cut its support 1 1 ne .

* _Eor another example, here is a timing loop" which often has to be used when the coa«>uter is running a mechanical instrument tile a printer, which is thou¬ sands °f times slower than the

0623

10FE

LD B , 23 DJKZ FE

35 dec

ns you can ten, the zae win go around this loop 35 times before dropping through” and continu¬ ing. This routine would be run between the individual pulses of the train, the choice of what to put in B determining the fre¬ quency .

-> in o d r-

0 in

I D

u'l in 10

ui fr

(1)

(2) (3) (4.) (5)

110020 LD DE,2A00 IB r DEC DE

7B LD fl,E

B2 |_ OR D

2«FB JR KZ,-5

(continuation of program)

5Siiruc^.i.on (1> loads DE with 2R00. (Use any number you please — note that 0000 win give you the longest time, because

decremented it be-

0180 IB LD BC , LB80 C5 PUSH BC

CD3108 CALL 0831 C9 RET

ffl frl

0 w u

** a

* n £ UJ *' J

til 0

0 •

il)

T* Ifl l • -i •D

-v

Cl T>

■*« 3

0 £

704-0 dec 2097 dec

0 0

The little routine above is ?£r^iy._for Practice, although it could be useful in certain pro-

and“r*Aif=^h5 *ere cliftinated and replaced by a continuation or the mam program.

named the routine Uherermi, and your job is to

jUt what does. IF you a rojtine that does the same thing in fewer bytes, please let me mow so I can put it in a future article.

C 0

> 7'

■- J) U'

m in

O 41

il C 0 u

3 Oi

til Q £ 0 G

' (0 Vi \i)

Hi 0 0 ** l_

Cl til

£ h

£ •

4i 0

* 0 in oj 0) Oi oj

OJ OJ rf lO

oj 0 0

0 0

in 0 oi m w h

oi oi cn

in in

® rl in

01 0

n * in

•i 0

0 01 n

oi oi

e 0 m

8 0

n rl 0

0 0 0

rl rl

r- 0 q s

rl 0 01 01

rl 0 0

OJ 0 0J 01

01 OJ 0J ?

0 OJ 10

0 oj 0 in

0 ■*

00 01 9

0 01 01 in

-2-

THE POUER OF THE STOCK

R 2068 BRSIC Program by Diet Scowi l le

Diet has been promising to write an article describing the essence of the language called FORTH, and he claims that this little p rog r am might help to explain houi forth mates use of a stact. lie'll just have to wait and see whether his claim is true, but meanwhile you might get some fun out of this:

10 INPUT j i

11 DIM S (1000)

12 RANDOMIZE .ij

13 CL3

15 LET k=l

20 PLOT 123.50: DRRU 0.10. LET Pt 1=123 LET p 12=60: LET bl=0 LET b2 = 10

30 IF PND '.12 THEN GO SUE 50 GO TO 30

40 SO sue ISO: XF I, ■; 1 THEN GO

TO 10

45 GO TO 30

50 rem extend

55 LET K=t+4

60 LET £ ( K ) =p t i : LET £ ( t + 1 ) =p t

62 L ET X = ( 1 ■ 5 ) + ( 4 + fc 1 + 3 D b 2 ) : LE T y = ( 1 / 5 ) * ( 4 + b 2 - 3 * b 1 j

68 LET £(fc+2.i=x LET Slt+3i=y 70 L ET X=4+fci-3*b2 LET *4 = 3 + b 1 + 4 + b2

80 LET b 1 = x / 5 : LET b2=u/5 90 PLOT ptl.pt 2 DRRU bl.b2 100 LET p t 1 =p t 1 + b 1 LET pt2=Pt2 + b2

110 RETURN 150 REM quit

16B PLOT £():.) , £ (k+l) . DRRU S ( k + 2) . £ ( t +3)

165 LET p t 1 =£ It) +£ (k+2) : LET pt 2=S tk+1) + £ I. K+3 ) : LET bl=£(t+2) LET b2 =£ ! k +3)

170 LET k=k-4 180 RETURN

. .^i.Y

A vl

tyC

LINES 10 TO 12 SET THE SEED FOR THE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR SO OUR RESULTS CAN BE DUPLICATED.

LINE 11 SETS UP THE STACK.

LINE 15 SETS THE STACK POINTER- K TO 1. LINE 20 DRAUS THE INITIAL LINE. AND LOADS ( p- 1 1 . p 1 2 ) U ITH OUR POSITION AND LOADS <bl,b2) UITH Ol 'P HEADING .

AT LINE 30 UE DECIDE EITHER TO EXTEND THE BRANCH ( 6 0 5 U 6 501 OR TO RETREAT (GOSUB 150) .

LINE 50: UE HAUE DECIDED TO EX¬ TEND. 55 KEEPS TRACK OF THE TOF OF THE STACK. IN 60. UE PUT OUR PRESENT POSITION ON THE STACK. STARTING AT 70. UE EXTEND THE BRANCH. AFTER FIRST SAVING A TUISTED VERSION OF OUR HEADING. AND MAKING NOTE OF OUR NEU PPESENT POSITION. THEN UE PETUP N.

LINE 150: UE HAUE DECIDED TO RETREAT — UE take the fosition- ITEM AND HEADING-ITEM AT THE TOP OF THE STACK (AT t.t+l.t+E, and k +3) . DRAU THEM .

SET OUR NEU FOSITION . FIX THE STACK POINTER SO IT POINTS TO THE (NEU) TOP OF THE STACK. AND RETURN.

ON RETURNING . UE REFEP.T THE PROCESS, UNLESS THE STACK HAS BECOME EMPTY (fill .

SOME CHOICES FOR j j ARE NOT INTERESTING . AND OTHERS UILL RUN OFF THE SCREEN. Er CHANGING THE TUI5T ANGLE. YOU CAN GET A DIFFERENT EFFECT AS SHOUM IN THE SECOND PICTURE.

\ / v

Jl j ■>

v/ '■A V v I Y

\ V &

John U. Petersen, (out west in cal if orina) , sent us this little program to use uith the 2068 and a j oyst i ck .

s rem " J0Y7+" Stic k , Button in Keys t. Diagonals

10 rem - Timex Text Pg 174.

15 rem - Feteren Apr 25' i«S4 C0 BORDER 1 ■ PAPER 6 50 LET roui = 10 60 LET CO 1=15 60 LET x rows row 90 LET x CO l =C0 l 150 LET K $=INKE, S 1S9 REM - Right >

200 IF K S = "S ” AND CO l <31 THEN L ET C 0 l = C 0 l + 1

£*1 IF STICK 11,1) sS AND CO l 31 THEN LET CD l=CO L+l

?SffJTs|TlLT AND CO 1:31

THEN LET CO l sCO l+l 209 REM - Left

T2cc\=rc,i?i"5" flND COl>0 ™EN *-E then ^To^cShi1-* fiNCi C0L B

THPM AND COt:>0

THEN LET COlsC0l-l 21S REM - Down

£20 IF k$="6" AND row <21 THEN L

5T_ rows row +1

thf-:I|Fp?TICK (1,1i=2 row <21 THEN _LET_ r Dili = r OW + 1

i2?hfmF. hND row <2

1 THEN LET rc*U.i = r GU.i + 1 £29 REM - Up t

Ta??w^oi?r7" flND r°u’>® then -

then LET^oSsrow-i5 =1 RND rou,>e

thfm I!LSTICK AND r ow > 0

then let roui = roa»-i

Ir 5TICK (2,1) =1 THEN BEEP * *®?r ?R AT X r OW , x c 0 l ; " ", AT r 300 GO TO 30

-7VI rr

To Exchange a "BflSlC" Procram Via- HTERH-n

1 find the BASIC program ready to be "PUN" • and'or "SAMED" or "re-transmitted1 ''

I ect .

Other "Functions" Noted..,

,.L,rst L0RP UTERn-n software and have NO ! As *11 as supporting full CONTROL CODE Phone numbers" or. "macro-keys" assigned functions, MTERM-H i-a.s a particular use is this sometimes plays havoc on tl-+ for two of tie COPES.

program being X-mitt-ed. . . . They are "CONTROL-R" t "CONTROL-T" (also '

known as "Device Control -2" and "Device

1. "CLOSE" buffer.

2. Set "CON" vers ion to "HEX".

3. Go to the "BASIC MODE'.

4. Enter "NEW" to clear.

| Control -4" respectively).

CONTPOL-"R"

remotely.

will "OPEN"

BUFFER.

Chile CONTRCL-"T" will "CLOSE1 a BUFFER remotely.

5. LOAD "filename" (load basic program j Liiflil you wish to send) ! nLOU..

6. Test to see if program "RUNs" and/or . if the program is an "AUTO-START" 1 program, simply "BREAK” to stop it.

7. Enter "print USR 54016" to re-enter H0DEJ1 program.

B. Go to "MAIN kenU" and select "D” for "DATA BUFFER MENU'.

9. Select "T” for "TRANSMIT BUFFER" command.

19. When prompted for "TRANSMIT PPOMRT STRING”, enter a symbol of your choice (i.e.) "C or ”•»” ett.

11. You may ignore the CHAR. DELAY PROtPT (just enter a "C/R" or "ENTER")

12. At this time the transmitter is "ON"

4 is ready to "send" program.

13. Press "ENTER" 2 more times to access "TERMINAL MODE-.

14. Now you »ay instruct the person that is to recieve the program to "set his conversion to hex, open t clear (erase) BUFFER then re-enter "TERMINAL MODE" and send the prompt symbol <"£" or ect.) untill he reel eves nothing else but the prompt s'#*>ol itself."

_15. At this time the person that recived" the program may go to the "MAIN rENir and select function "E" (to exit to BASIC) and if all went well he SHOULD

By utilizing a function supported by most BBSs, you may perform a function called "RASE SEW. It is very useful when you want to save time sending E-MAIL, COMMENTS, or placing "RDs" on sys terns.

First you should note that the board that you want to use has the ability to automatical ly "start a new line" when you reach the “Eftf>" of a line that you are typing on.

Some support this function while others will send a "MARGIN BELL" and after reaching the "Carriage End" will stop accepting "input" untill 'you send a CARRIAGE RETURN.

So with that tounge-twister out of the way here is how to do a. "FACE SEND"...

1. "OPEN and CLEAR" buffer.

2. Set "CCN" version to "NONE".

3. Set "DUPLEX" to "MALE1.

4. Go to "TERMINAL MODE" and TYPE your message, ect. the way you wish to "see" it on the BBS.

5. (hi le typing 'your message, use ONLY . SPACES. .. (every time you enter a "C/R" the transmitter will STOP untill 'you send another "X-mitter prompt". these "delimiters" can be useful, however, in deviding-up several messages that could placed in different areas of the BBS or

on a different BBS al 1 together) .

6. After typing your message, return to select "DATA BUFFER MENU and CLOSE' the buffer.

,,K‘ :jel |C(- "'TRAMSMI 1 1" mode and choose a '-HITTER PROMPT' >>(pick one that is not. normally" used by the BBS, a good on® .f5T.thlS Esrpos e is the Brittish Pound t ANT> Choose a "CHR. DELAY" that is SLOW enough so the Bes can "keep-up". A good number to start with is "200" (the larger this number is - the longer the delay is... (I think it approximates Milliseconds).

3. Set "DUPLEX" to "FULL".

9. Now that your transmitter is "loaded and the hammer is cocked" you may DIAL-UP your favorite BBS, "DUMP” your messages, "CPEN" your buffer, "SCAM" the Boards "Log-off", relax and 1 cob over your "captured treasures" at yo"r Leajure. ... (and even keep a few extra Dimes out Ma Bell's purse to boot!!)

10. (Most nportintly) HfWE FUN!!!

Hopefully this information has been helpfull.

OLESTIOny^3 ^ probably sparked MORE

MTERM-II is one of the many software packages that could have a took the size Pt . ,"Vellc"J Pages" describing it's many utilities. But until] that comes about, any information that- I find worthy, I'll be happy to pass it on.

• ..Happy H0DQQH6! ! !

Dave Clifford 13910 Halldale Ave. Gardena, Ca. 9G249

SOUTH BAY COMPUTES CLUB John W. Petmrmen

(213)-5^5-958l

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ACE SOFTUARE, 2 East 0*k , floorest-on, N. J., 08057, has tuo

programs designed to help you manage your money better. PAYOFF gives you a good handle on your credit accounts. for example PAYOFF Bhous hou long It ulll take to pay off an account and hou much Interest ulll be due. All payments for the next 18 months are shoun . PAYOFF 1000 is for the TS2X computers (1610. PAYOFF 2000 Is for the 2068. Both programs are *14.95.

PAYOUT Is the companion program to PAYOFF. The program shoes uhere your money actually goes. The program has predefined categories and subcategories uhich allou easy entry of your bills. PAYOUT Is a pouerful budgeting tool. It shoes uhere real money is going Instead of paper estimates that mean nothing. PAYOUT 1000 Is for the TS2X computers. PAYOUT 2000 Is for the 2068. Both programs are .4.95. Postage Is paid for all programs by ACE SOFTUARE.

Character Generator II By: Charlie Day

With the most valuable help of Mr. Scoville, I think I’ve come up with a L DG character generator that is both powerful and simple to use.

It is a very simple program to understand. The 2068 has an area in RAM in which the ROM introdues 21 pseudo characters into, form ’a1 to ’u-’. You can change these characters into your own design by poking different values into these RAM locations. The method used in the 2068 manual to do this is very time consuming. The only other method that I know of to do this is the method 1 discussed in the May-July issue of TSUG. Don’t write this method off yet, we are going to use it in this program, except you will never know it.

The program is very simple to use. When the program begins a 8 by 8 grid is drawn in the lower left hand corner of the screen afterwards the com¬ puter will print the list of commands above the gride and the L'DGs along the right hand side of the screen. A prompt will then appear asking you to enter the character you wish to replace in the UDG list; this input should be a lower case letter. After you have entered your choice a prompt will appear asking you to enter a letter cooridinate. From this input you can do one of 6 com¬ mands. You can simply enter the lower case letter of the cooridinate you wish to darken and then on the next prompt enter the number when asked for it. You will then see the square you have identified darkened in.

Horror of horrors let’s say you blocken in a square and change your mind before you have compiled the character you can easily fix this, lou can delete a block by entering a capital D at the input letter coordinate prompt. .

"You will then enter the letter and the number for th^ coordinate at the input prompts and the darken block will be erased.

After you have the character arranged on the grid as you want it to appear you will need to input a capital "C" at the input letter coordinate prompt. Before compiling begins, you will be asked if you want a code print-out, we will discuss this later. .After answering this prompt the character will be compiled into the UDG table.

If you don’t like how a character looks after it is compiled the you can Chang.' it with the edit command. On the prompt that ask you which character you want to replace enter the character that you want to edit. When the enter the letter coordinate prompt appears enter a Capitol ’E’. This will load the character into the working array and print the character onto the grid so you may work with it.

The two other options that you can do from the input letter coordinate prompt are load and save a character set to tape.

Now, back to the second option on compiling, you would use the yes option for this when you wranted to transfer the UDG to another program. You would put the data in the following program.

9000 FOR a = USR "a" TO USR ''a"+7

9010 READ user: POKE a, user

9020 NEXT a

9030 DATA .

Ever how many UDGs you are using determines the second letter in line 9000. If you had two UDGs you would use a*br and for three you would use a ’c’, ect.

This p r o gr a in uj : U p r o d v c t a r an i n ta r £ s ting display t f a s p hare b u t d 5 n t h o i o y o u r breath .u siting for it!!’

For T:::f= ; - y .

W fit t€' py j o k r. r o f f a y o f JnC 5 0 FT LI ARE PC’ POX 4-4-5

s a o 1 1 s & u r 9 In 4. 7 1 7 0 u a if: yi a f 1 n a s- 0 f t u.’ a r a for T s c amp uter- . u r 1 t a for

f r a a b r r c h r a or call 1-812-75 £- 60” 1.

-lw uin u io,Di

20 POKE 23609,50 BORDER 7: PR PER 7; INK 0; CLS 30 GO SUB 500 80 FOR i =0 TO 20

90 PRINT RT i,21,CMR* (97+i ) ; "

= ";CHR* (14-4.4i )

100 NEXT i

130 PRINT RT 12,0; "abede fgh”

14-0 FOR i =0 TO 7: PRIHT RT (14-4 i ) ,9; i 41 : NEXT i 14-5 PRINT RT 7 , 0 ; “C =Comp i le , RT 6,0; " D =De lete“; RT 8,0;"S=Save D a t a " ; RT 9,0; “E=Ed it”; RT 5,0, "L=E oad Data"

150 PRINT RT 0,2; "Character-, RT 1 , l; “Generator II";HT 2,5; “by"; RT 3,1; INK 1; "Charlie Day”

160 INPUT "Enter Letter for UDG " ; a$

165 IF CODE a$<97 OR CODE a*>ll 8 THEN GO TO 160 170 PRINT RT (CODE a$-97),19; F LRSH l; INK 2; " >"

200 input "Enter letter cooridi nate ";L*

203 IF H="L' 204- IF L* = "E-

205 IF L$="C’

206 IF L*=“D‘

THEN GO TO 700 THEN GO TO 600 THEN GO TO 300 THEN GO TO 400

5 LET i=0

10 FOP. y=£5 TO -35 STEP -1 £0 FOP = - £ 5 36

30 LET - = - 4 y » y IF d : 36*36

MEN GO TC 100-

4.0 LET d = £ 0 P: d - -S6 4-5 IF hES td-i' .0001 THEN GO TO 100

50 REM LET k=l.4SIM PCS d 60 LET 1=1. 4S0P f.l-d*d>

60 IF I =1 THEN PLOT 65+ - ,35 + ': LET t =1-1 100 NEXT 120 NEXT u 140 COP

207 IF L$=“S" THEN GO TO 800

208 IF CODE L*<97 OR CODE L$>10 4 THEN GO TO 200

210 INPUT "Enter number cooridi nate “; N

215 IF N < 1 OR N >8 THEN GO TO 21

220 LET L = ( (CODE L$) -96)

230 LET u (N,L) =1

240 PRINT RT 134N,L-1;"B"

250 GO TO 200

300 PRINT RT 10,0; FLRSH 1; "Com pi ling"

305 INPUT "Print out code y/n";

306 IF p$="y" OR p%="Y" THEN LE T p=l

307 IF p=l THEN PRINT #l;"Turn on printer"

310 FOR U=0 TO 7

311 LET b*="BIN "

315 FOR H =1 TO 8

320 LET b$=b$4STR$ u(J+l,H)

330 NEXT H

335 IF p=l THEN LPRINT URL b$; "

350 POKE USR a*4J,URL b*

370 NEXT J

375 IF p=l THEN LPRINT 380 GO TO 10

400 PRINT RT 10,0; FLR5H l;"Del e te i ng "

405 INPUT "Enter letter cooridi nate ";L*

406 IF CODE L$ <97 OR CODE L*>10 4 THEN GO TO 405

410 input "Enter number cooridi nate ";n$

415 IF CODE N$<49 OR CODE NS >56 THEN GO TO 410

416 LET N=URL N$

420 LET L = ( ( CODE LS) -96)

430 LET U (N , L) =0

440 PRINT RT 13+n , t -1 ; " "

450 PRINT RT 10,0;"

460 GO TO 200

500 FOR h=0 TO 64 STEP 8

510 FOR 1=0 TO 64

520 PLOT l , h : PLOT h,l

530 NEXT l

540 NEXT h

550 RETURN

600 FOR X =14 TO 21: PRINT RT X, “ "it NEXT X: GO SUB 50

605 LET C =PEEK 23675 +256 *PE£K 2 3676

610 LET j = ( (CODE R$)-96)

620 FOR p=l TO 8 ( 625 LET b=PEEK ( ( C +p -1 ) +8* ( j -1 )

635 FOR 1=3 TO 1 STEP -1 640 LET X =INT (b/2). LET d=b-2» X : LET b =X

645 LET U (p , l ) =d

646 IF d=0 THEN LET b*=-"

647 IF d =1 THEN LET b$ = "H"

648 PRINT RT 13+P,l-l;b$

650 NEXT l

655 NEXT p 670 GO TO 200

700 PRINT FLASH 1;HT 10,0; "LORD ING DATA"

710 Input "Enter fi le name for character set";n$

715 PRINT ai; "Start Tape- 720 LORD nSCODE 65368,168 ^7"*® CLS PRINT "Load complete" "Press any teg to return to"'" Generator": PRU5E 0 RUN 800 PRINT FLRSH 1 ; RT 10,0: "SAUE ING DATA”

810 INPUT "Enter file name for character sef;n$

820 SRUE nSCODE 65368,168

830 CLS PRINT "Save complete"

'"Press any tey to return to -

Generator": PAUSE 0. run 9999 SRUE "Genii" LINE 0

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Generator II > b = +

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Cha r l i € Day d = ©

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F o r Y o u r H e u elet t. e r

H o u t o U r i t- e A r tic] e s by Bill Roberts

Ue encourage anyone , uho uould like to, to contribute an article to the newsletter . To help answer any questions that you might have here are some things to keep in mind.

Ue really can not publish a hand-ur itten article. It just takes more time than ue have available to retype the article. If you don't have a word processor (more on this belou) then use a typeuritter. It really is uorth the effort.

Do not feel that you need a full size printer to write a article for the newsletter. The 2040 printer is fine to use for your article listing. If you have a 2068, there is a HC routine in volume II, no. 4 uhich darkens the 2040 printer listings. The darkened listings photocopy very nicely. Ue do suggest that you use UHITE thermal paper for the listings. Some of the Timex paper is a bit tannish in color and is difficult to make a good copy of. Radio Shack sells very good thermal paper for their TP-10 printer. Although the paper roll is not as wide as the Timex roll , Ue have not had any problems. One of our members has suggested that a poker chip on each side of the roll uill keep the paper centered .

It really makes sense to use a word processor with your TS/ZX or 2068 when you write. The word processor makes the job much easier. Uhat ue suggest is that you write your article using one of the word processor that ue can support, then just send us a copy of the article saved on tape rather than a listing. Ue can then print the article or edit it as needed.

Ue can support a number of excellent word processors . Of course , THE word processor for the little TS/ZX computers is the I1EH0TECH ’’HEHOTEXT” word processor. It is the best there is, bar none. Unf ortunatly , HEMOTECH no longer makes the word processor (it’s a hardware addition) and they are getting hard to find. Ue are in luck, though, because Fred Nachbaur , Syncuare Co., 902 Hoover St., Nelson, BC U1L4X6, Canada now has a RAH based version of MEHOTEXT available w h i c h i n c o r p o r a t e s Pouel 1 H a r d g r a v e 1 s Super Data Save for fast loads and s a v e s o f t e x t . T h e p r o g r a m r e q u ires memory in t he 8 — 1 6 K block (Hello Paul Hunter). I f you want to do your own printing, you also need the Hemotech parallel I/F. The cost is 29.96 with the book, or 24.95 if you already have the instructions.

The Hemotext is for a full size printer but there are a number of excellent- word processors for the 2040 printer which we can support. Uord Sine II. 3 is a nice word processor. Ue also have Uord Sine II, Hi — Res Uord Pro, and Uord bine II+. Although ue do not have a tape of the program, Robert Fingerle's Texturiter 1000 was ranked A + by Sine.

For the 2068 we can support 11SCRIPT and TASUOR’D II . MSCRIPT is very nice but you really need a monitor to use it. TEXTURITER 2000 is for use with the 2040 printer and is also something special.

These are not the only good word processors for our computers . These are the uord processors which ue can support at the moment. Now, get busy and write some articles.

ADDRESSES :

Hi Res Uord Processor, Nissan Elmaleh. 5100 Hi g h bridge St., 53D Fayetteville, NY 1 3066 .

Uord Sine II. 3, Gesang Associates, P. 0. Box 452, Randal lstoun , HD. 21133. Text-writer 1000, 2000, Robert Fingerle, 39639 Embarcadero Ter., Fremont, CA

94538. '

tlscnpt, 21st. Century. Electronics, 6813 PI ok Street, Gut ten berg , NJ 0709-3. Tasword , Zebra Systems Inc. , 78-06 Jamaica Avenue, Uoodhaven , NY 11421.

TRIANGLE SINCLAIR USERS' GROUP OFFICERS:

President; Doug Dewey, 206 James St. , Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-933-3079

Vice-President; Bill Roberts, R-2 Tar Heel Nanor Apts, Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-

929-6 1 04

Secretary; Dick Scoville, 2313 U. Club Blvd., Durham , NC 27705, 919-286-4959 Treasurer; Hike Boyce, 3313 East Uak Dr. , Durham, NC 27712, 919-383-2000.

Send mail and inquires to Doug if you are not yet a member.

THE NEXT MEETING UILL BE SUNDAY, JANUARY 6,1985.

The Triangle Sinclair Users’ Group meets once a month on the -first Sunday at 2pm in the Dreyfus Auditorium of the Research Triangle ParK facility just off of Cornwallis ,Rd. (tee the map below). The public is welcome, in fact the public is invited. Membership in our users' group is *10.00 a year and now is the time to send in your contribution. We have a large public that we serve, and we need sustaining contributions in the form of money, articles -for the newsletter, or ocasional letters telling us you are still interested in receiving our publication. The donation of goods and monies by members and business friends alike, is a welcome occurence and is also tax— deduct! bl e.

isSUJflO Nl£ W{-i FOR 2060

M D *3 F3* 1Z C C V l~ M ~T t-{ UB1 A T 8

by DQi ?G DEWEY

One of the best things about being li.G. president and also about haying been president and editor for some time, is that I find cut a lot of fascinating things and pass the* on to others. One of the worst things about being in the limelight is that work that puts bread on the table must perforce cose before U.G. work! This Bay sound like the typical president’s swansong, but it is not. I thought it important for all to know that a year’s membership in TSUG means twelve issues of the newsletter— even if those issues span a twenty month time period, Our membership has told us that they want a monthly newsletter, in no uncertain terms — but they also want top quality, service and very low fees. With all of this in mind, we are doing our best; contributions from businesses (ads, and donations) and full support from all potential members help out but don’t produce the free time necessary to do the work. Yes, our newsletter production is behind but the product is up to date,

Let ms now praise a famous persons Bill Roberts. He’s our new newsletter editor and vice president. And he’s doing an excellent job. His primary interest lies in the TS1000 computer, but he is thinking of getting a 2068. I fear, however, that the 2068 is largely moribund unless someone like Dave Hi ggenbottam takes over the marketing of it. Lets talk about some recent developments that may take on meaning for 2068/SPECCY enthusiasts. First off note that Quicksilva has dumped all of its 2068 stock but will continue with other software—we assume they mean the QL and we know that they will restock SPECTRUM software if there is a need. They were all out of SPECCY programs when we called to ask if a good deal on said software were available— nothing special for SPECCY, though 2068 stuff went for a song. I can’t think it right to charge too much for 2068 programs unless they are extra special: SMART TERM II, MSCRIPT, TASWORD II and all the specialized software for it, MULTIDRAW 2068, PRO/FILE 2068, HOT Z 2068, MUSICOLA, are my idea of extra special programs — you probably have other "specials" in mind. Let me know what your favorites are, and I will print them up in this column.

PANKOW ENGINEERING COMPANY, Harrell Park, 127B Hendersonville Rd., Asheville, NC 28803 has out a phenomenal program by the name of PRO for the 2068 with 2040 printer. It is for the professional at only $245.00. PRO is a CADd system— small "d" because the final product is not a record quality drawing. It is offered to the land surveyor and subdivision designer as "the first business oriented system to have broken the $500 price barrier... [with] no one else who even claims to have broken the $1000 level." Be reviewing it soon. PANKOW provides service and continuing support. That is what you pay for and that is what you get.

Turn to SMART TERM 11 or MTERM and to MSCRIPT: service and support almost nonexistent but very cheap. HTERH is a great program but poorly documented and fitfully supported. We provide notes in this issue on MTERM. TS HORIZONS and ZX FORUM (South Florida) have other notes on its use and TS HORIZONS will follow with sore on uploading and downloading machine code, etc.— definitely worth a subscription to T8H. [I got a nice letter from a person in Michigan offering an update manual on SMART TERM II for $5.00, but I lost the letter/ad (the fellow had only a P.0. Box — I remember that much—) and he didn’t bother to put a return address on the envelope which was addressed in a remarkably fancy script.! BCS Timex Sinclair subgroup hasn’t published in a while but meets regularly and vigorously. Nor has SYNTAX decided where it wants to go yet, either— but aren’t they selling software through some sort of outlet?

Back to MTERM and MSCRIPT for a moment. Both programs are the work of Micro-Systems Software of Boca Raton, FL— part of their M-Ware line: designed to be fairly transportable between computers and various systems— IBM, EPSON, TRS-80, PANASONIC Senior Partner, etc. have versions available for them. MTERM is used on several ANCHOR MODEMS and ANCHOR now markets the package for the 2068. MTERM runs with the SPECTRUM EMULATOR— just don’t exit to BASIC as a CRASH will ensue if you are in Spectrum mode: LOAD other programs first before calling MTERM. The EPSON version of MTERM has excellent documentation— go to a high priced computer salon to have a look, don’t be bashful. SMART TERM II for the 2068 offers extras not available for other computers) REM statement conversion is one. Transfer of binary files and use of HEX conversion is another. REM conversion is there because BASIC on the 2068 is adequate and because a fancy screen editor is not readily available, To send edited copy, do it with REM conversion. PRINT USR 54079 restarts MTERM without loss of your settings. For special info on MTERM, send some cash and your questions to Micro Systems in Florida. Do NOT try to call for information during business hours— you are paying the phone company but MICRO SYSTEMS gets NOTHING— send cash as I have outlined above. Or call up their evening BBS but ONLY from 6pm to 9am (Eastern Standard Time) and on weekends. DO NOT CALL THIS NUMBER DURING THE DAY AND DO NOT ABUSE THEIR COURTESY, PLEASE— THEY USE THIS NUMBER DURING THE DAY FOR BUSINESS. Their number (at night) is 305-832-2503 for the BBS; you can leave questions to be answered; there are TIMEX programs to download, and hints and help for all. Or you can 60-PCS-52 on COMPUSERVE for the TELCOH group for direct answers. Also try GO-CEM-7. ANCHOR has come out with an update card and will get help from MICRO SYSTEMS to rewrite the manual— if it is to be rewritten (Steve Pagliarulo wrote the original MTERM). ANCHOR had a few more 2050 cases/units it could assemble when they took the business back from NESTRIDGE but has had to determine if the modem package has a future before they move forward. If the 2068 is moribund, will such a modem package work with the SPECTRUM + ?

Want a different screen paper/ink color for MSCRIPT? LOAD ""CODE to load in the machine code. PRINT PEEK 36B76 first to find out the initial value for black paper and white ink. Now POKE 36876,70 for white paper and black ink. Use page 248 of your 2068 manual to figure out the other combinations in 64 column mode. Now start MSCRIPT by RANDOMIZE USR 36608 (ENTER) and RANDOMIZE USR 36864 (ENTER). All of this is courtesy of Jim Hicks.

I have had several hard questions to answer during the last six months. One persistant question was raised by some— but not all— of those marketing SPECTRUM ROMS in the US: IS IT TRUE THAT ROMS RUN MORE PROGRAMS THAN EPROM EMULATORS (like my EMUs)? The answer is a resounding, NO, there is no apparent , significant difference between ROMS and EPROMS in terms of the number of SPECTRUM programs that each will run. Bill Russell told me he had come to the same conclusion and was going to remove claims that ROMSWITCH ran more programs than the Chameleon fro® his current ads. John Oliger has compared the two and they are identical except for the first LRQS bytes for the cartridge— both_are ISSUE ULand both should work the same way.

EXCEPT for MICRQDR1VES? Why have several people, without changing anything inside the 2068, been able to sake Sinclair Microdrives work with ay EMU-1 but not with the ROM? Did they use authentic SINCLAIR ROMs?

I know that using an EMU-1, correctly rerouting the bus lines, adding only 9 volts and 12 volts— several people now run MitJrodrives ALL THE TIME... but have not succeeded with the ROM yet. They haven’t needed to use ROMCS or I0RQGE so these lines have been left unconnected. Why has this worked and why has the ROM not worked?

There have been some failures or problems here, too. I feverishly worked on a go between board but it has not yet worked. My computer knows the Interface I "shadow" ROM is there but so far has not made the drive whirr— what a pleasant sound it would be. Roy Perschy has experienced success but accidentally burned out an Interface I in the process. At.a Tursucu sometimes has problems with his set up. Nazir Pashtoon, after an initial failure, then tremendous success, is now more cautious. He has a 2068— brand new fro* TIMEX— which doesn’t want to work with microdrives unless given special treatment. We suspect the need for a 250 (no slower) nanosecond EPROM, conflict between interrupt mode 1 and interrupt mode 2 (Interface i and 2068?), bus loading problems (no more than a fanout of 2 for the Z80), timing problems, a conflict between ROM and EPROM, the need for some sort of ROMCS signal, etc. Perhaps using a Hardware Wizard’s suggestion of combining A14, A15, ROMCS using an HC4002 or an HC4075 on the Interface I signals to link up with BE on the 2063 would do it. With a ROM Carl Miles reportedly has it all solved and Kurt Hildebrandt and Tom Steward tell me they, too, made MICRODRIVES work, though they had to change the insides of their 2068s to get their ccaputers to run Microdrives. Unfortunately, none of these fellows have spread their knowledge to others so that all might benefit. For the time being I’ll put such info in the untested-or-doubtf ul-i f-not-spuri ous category. Common, guys. ..give us a break.

Why all the concern when we have good American systems which work like A&J’s new unit? And being sold at a good price of $169.95 by Pheonix Enterprises and slightly higher by many others. Well, for the simple reason that the Sinclair unit includes RS232, LAN can link up to 8 microdrives, doesn’t disable the EXRQM’s bankswitching capabilities, and is cheaper. Before Xmas $100.00 or so got you an Interface I, a Microdrive, Tasword Two, an excellent filing program, and one or two games! Another Plus is the fact that Sinclair is showing the Spectrum + (with its much improved keyboard) at the Winter CES in Las Vegas. How well it is received will determine whether or not Sinclair comes back into the American market with a low end product that would be clearly competitive from day one!!! And. ..with all that hardware, firmware and software already in place!!!! And. ..might spell the end for the 2068— • fantastically powerful, ruqged, trustworthy curiosity. Or. ..could give the 2068 a n»w lsase on lift! TIMEX of Portugal has out a DISK drive system for the Spectrum using the small 3 inch size of disks. The system (called FDDicoaes ready to qo with two RG232 porta end its available) to British daalars for review; aa a dink eyat#* It work* very wall indaad) It in to he

marketed as a TIMEX product— TIMEX label— capable of using a memory card and running CRM, with its own Z80 processor on board. All for some £225 from Micro Matic, 84 Talbot Rd . , London, England N64RA UK: Tel. 01-340-0310. TIMEX also makes a keyboard upgrade for the SPECTRUM Issue III for about £15. The disk system sounds like the one they were going to develop for the 2068. And it sight just work on our computer. Just think of what this all may mean.

A word about, dealers here and abroad: there are a number of honest, reputable people who can get you the product quickly if they have it on hand: Zebra Systems, Curry Computer, Sunset Electronics, Games to Learn By, Sumware, Knighted Computers, Software Supermarket (UK), Computers of Wigmore Street (UK), The Cambridge Store (UK) have all given excellent service to us. One of my favorites is Zebra Systems because they sell my EMU boards and believe in shipping immediately if product is rn stock. I can tell you that they take a hard line with OEMs like myself when we get behind. If I have not mentioned your favorite dealer, let me know, aid I will print up your success story. Watch out with Research Service Labs in Oklahoma City— I smell something fishy: no phone and no product for eight weeks to friends out in CCATS in Oregon City, Oregon. The ad from Research Labs makes some peculiar claims as well. Watch out.

I have a new OMNI EMU board and, thanks to the genius of Wes Brzozowski (a man who I regard as being a True Wizard: others are Ray Kingsley and John Oliger), OMNI EMU can run ROMS out of the cartridge port with a short bootstrap program, and OMNI EMU can also switch to any one of four 16K memory blocks. This new board is done with gold fingers and plated through holes. It is now ready for shipment and comes with the capacitor, sockets, 74LS155, 4-position DIP switch and jumpers installed ready to run your ROM right out of the cartridge port. It offers highest reliability and thorough documentation and can easily be altered to run EPROMS of your choice. Price for OMNI EMU ready to run your ROM is $30.00. I am not going to sell ROMs, however. A good bargain on ROMs is offered by Pheonix Enterprises through their tape club plan. Because the price of 27128 EPROMS has droped considerably, OMNI EMU with programmed Spectrum Emulator EPROM now costs only $50.00— new price effective January 1st, 1985. Buying directly from ENTER LENGUA, Doug Dewey, 206 James St., Carrboro, NO 27510, has the added advantage of getting you on the TSUG mailing list for a trial i issue or two. But remember that ZEBRA and HAWG WILD stock my product and may offer you other pluses that are more attractive. ZEBRA’S GRAPHICS TABLET— Koala Pad, interface capable of running two analog joysticks and/or other devices, and graphics tablet software is now $89.95 directly from ZEBRA. This is a must-have item! A full review will follow. I give it a 9.9 out of 10 at its current low price,

Andrew Banta has written us regarding our review of SCREEN-S0LV and GARY SMITH has called about our review of FORTH. Also received an informative letter from Fred Blechman on the QL— he’s very impressed with a loaner machine he has for review purposes. We will do right by all of this in our next issue; so keep your membership up to date by renewing in time.

Bob Dyl, another True Wizard Cl can think of some 10 special Wizards], Director of the Ocean State Timex-Sincl air User Group, who always seems to know everything first, can help with all sorts of problems. His telephone is 401-849-3805; address is Bob Dyl, 15 Kilburn Ct., Newport, RI 02840. He is selling 10 blank templates on stiff cardstock cut to fit the 2068. They are useful for games of all sorts and for HOT Z, word processors, etc. The price is $4.95 plus $1.00 B&H. He prefers a money order— no credit cards. Did you know that a .1 pF cap in line with the V0TEM cleans up the signal so that it can be used as an SDS filter with most any quality of tape. That comes courtesy of Thomas Bent, editor of Syncware News, an excellent publication. John Boys tells us that after Antic Miner loads, type in 6031769 and the boot will appear, then press any of two or more number keys simultaneously (use only keys 1-6) and you can start your game on a specific screen rather than have to wade through each screen from the beginning. Nazir Pashtoon writes of success with EMU-1 running Hi-Soft Pascal, Hi-Soft Devpac 1 1 1 (assembler and disassembler), Abersoft Forth, Softech Basic Floating Point Compiler, and Betasoft Basic (which extends Spectrum Basic with a large number of commands). Hi-Soft toolkit did not run (interrupt driven) and the Hi-Soft C Language Compiler would not load on a 2068 or a Spectrum-. Wes Brzozowski sent a fascinating article on interrupts that may offer some insight and suggest solutions to this problem. John Oliger is also working on the problem of Spectrum programs that load but won’t run properly using a ROM or EPROM emulator system— send him your "impossibles" but make sure they load first. You might try making a super good copy using The Cincinnati U.G.’s C0PYTAPE program— a fine program— before mailing your "difficulties" off to John. Many Spectrum programs are hard to load. John Oliger has finished his printer interface and it is AERC0 compatible and has compact code that lets it LPRINT and LLIST. His new EPROM programmer works like a charm; send him an order for one today. Bare board is $12.95, with parts $25.95, assembled and tested $33.95 and the Vpp power supply, which is also needed, is $9.95 for board and parts. His address is The John Oliger Co., 11601 Nhidbey Dr., Cumberland, IN 46229, Tel. 317-894-2677. John begins work next on his disk drive interface. We hear that Jerry Chamkis of AERC0 has their disk interface finished and in production. In an upcoming issue or two we will publish a wealth of material from Wes Brzozowski (of SINCUS fame). In the meantime, subscribe to SINCUS, P.0. Box 523, Owego, New York 13827 ($8.00) and to LIST, P.0. Box 438, Centerport, NY 11721-0438 ($12.00) and to SUM, 3224 NW 30th Ave. , Gainesville, FL 32605 ($12.00).

A final word, computing without HOT Z-2068 is not worth it. Ray Kingsley of SINWARE, Box 8032, Santa Fe, NN 87504, Tel. 505- 988-2096, has his famous HOT Z-2068 for $24.95 + $2.00 p/h, ROM annotation tape for $15.00 + $2, two EPROMS with HOT Z on them for $39.95 + $2, the EPROMS on a ready-to-run board for $59.95 + $2, and a corrected EXR0M on EPROM with mounting instructions is $16.00 ppd.

r i any 1

Si nc 1

” s Group

c/o Douglass Dewey 206 James St. Carrboro, NC 27510

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