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Users ry VOLUME 1, | | FTrour

NUMBER SS.

= March 2994 ms Do You Own a FPoeo>r> or Are You Getting Cre >= AanaG Are You Irterested Im Machine Code Fr re-ogramnmi og.

Undoubtedly you would like to own a nice machine code loader, and a Simple disassembler, and a hex/decimalidecimal/hex converter. Then you could easily follow and learn from Dick Scoville’s machine language tutorial which starts in this issue. Such utility programs as we have mentioned above usually cost $9.95 and up. BUT for TSUS receivers, Dick will provide all the above programs on a good tape for only $5.00 (sth included)--a real bargain. Please send your order today to Dick Scoville, 2313 wW. Club, Durham, NC 27705. I¢ you purchase this tape, we will consider your Purchase to be a show of interest and confidence in TSUG and will not soon drop you from our newsletter mailing list. This is important if you have been getting our newsletter FREE NC. Aas you will find out inside, we are ready to clean house (') and trim our

mailing list to a more manageable number of interested People. Don’t cut yourself off from TSUG nor from machine code.

=O68 NOTES: A TUTORIAL. Oni MACHINE CODE FROGRAMMING by DICK SCOVILLE

If you never have tried any two dozen or sce, but these are Machine Code programs, this wiit Gt if. the ieng tist—-they-ere——. _8 USEFUL and. tet’s hope. imsidé the chifb itsetf. Rether Painless introduction. First, than having addresses they have

the memory Gf our computer is Rhames: H-L,D.E. etc., but lite the €afsiest part te visualize-—- Ordinary memory hetes, €ath is think GF it a5 & tong String oF Capable of holding &@ number “places” of “heles" Consecutive-— between @ and 255. (uy numbered from @ te GSSSS. fF Now COMES &@ FOint Which can tite to think oF them as running bE quite Confusing until you get from left tG right, but it as Used to it, aid that is how the IMPGriant to visualize them as humbers from @ te 255 are writ— $ (ow. their numbers are catied - ten and talked about by Pregram— their addressés. Eath of these @ErS. First let’s take the Paces Of holes 258 Capable oF nRUMbEers between @ and 25. In-— hOlding a number between @ and Stéad Of writing them in the 235. Don’t mix up this number USUal (d&eCimat} wau, write them With the address. Far GXamp ile, - S&S FOLLOWS: BIS34567SGRBCHEF , the hote numbered 34821 might $6 "E" Will be cur new way oF Centain the number 47. Griting the number that we ordi- AS yYGU know, the heart of RSTily Write #5 "44." Thatve GUr COmpUtEr if & ZB chip and that, but Ghat sbout the numbérs @ttl Changes in the contents of Si9ger than “FF.

the GSSS6 holes must be made bY

t : Ue dO the same thing as we ord- it (there are a few exceptions

imarity do for numbers bigger ah oS sae sere tent mow) . than “a"~ that is we @rite "107! Chip has @ few memory nui SPOts, OF hGLEE, GF its oun—— Continuing, we get 11, 12, 13,

aeeiS, 2R, 26, €tc. Altheugh SG@e GF them tock ordinary, oat noe. they pane ge oe ua L Ent numbers. ofr anmstance POLE seh HUY Sa ENAP EE eaten MESS 1 sixteen plus 2 more, Sens SEE 3 ES that iS, €iGht@en; If seans & Sixteen plus A more, that is, twenty-six. What number comes after GF? Yes, RAS. Uhat number 25 at? SixteEens Blus @ more

8 that if, one hundred sixty.

e Uhat 25 the highest number we

|» RW can get with twa “digits”? xt

RE is FF--F sixteens ptius F more, Ol that is, 255! ; ;

UL Adding and subtracting is not

aS hard aS YEU Might think in

this notation, Sifce ali the

fULES a@bout carrying and bor row—

ig continue to apply. The aniy

difference is we now have a

eifferent addition table, but

“CGURLING Of YOoUr Fingers” Works

ee re

CAMILLE OREYFUS LAE RUDITORIUN

. TER .-- :

: SA I8M BURHAM—>

TORNUALL TS

MEET THE FIRST SUNORY OF ERCH MONTH AT THE CANILLE OREYFUS RUDITORIUMN AT 2:66 PN. PLERSE JOIN US; YOU ARE NOT UNDER ANY

FUN RNG LERRN A LOT, Too.

For instance, what

3E + 85 7 Do it this way: Say “E....F 1@ 411432 13. Urite down the 3 and Carry the i Prearees 3 Plus 3 rs 6....8 fF B--B, Plus 1 from the carry, is €. 50 the answer is 3. Transtate _

these hex numbers back to ordin- ary decimat ones and check.

Pretty well. 25

Mow, getting back to the Zee Chip. Suppose it has been directed te Leck at SelM Cy lGCation S217& tone of the 65536 holes in the tist). Xt wilt, ar Course, Find there 2 Rrumbe cr between @ and 255 the tween 8a amd FF, if Bau Prefer}. TRis HUMber Will be taken eS ah in- Suction whith the chip witt i@@ediatety carry ocuty For instance, SUPPOSEe it Finds 6C. Refer te YOGUr Maentiai Page 242 amd you witli see that GO is code for the instruction "LB L,H™ @Whicth is itself Shorthand for "Put ain yvour Lb hote @hatever is im your H hole, i.€., lGad L With H." The H hole wilt stitt have What it had before. and se

Will the DB hate, the E hole, etc but the L HOLE Witt now have the Same MiNbbtr if it a5 the H hote. Zt must remind you of the BRSIC Statement, "LET L=H™.

Uhat hapRfens now? The 75e Chip now tocks at hoete number S2179 and does What it is “tala” by the code toecated there. For- tunately, € ¥ E€ fF YU Humber be- ween @ and 255 means something te the Z8@, sG it never stops-— if at gets te the end of the List of holes it Starts in on hole humber @ texcept for in- struction code 76 {236 décimeat} HALT, Ghith if shorthand for oe Buicide--turan yourset?f o ‘et

Some instructions are more than one hote iong., to & maxi —

. Pum OF Four hotles. Again. for_

tunately, the Z8@ tnows the length of Gach insiruction se it iS always ready for the next

one. Here are Some examples 2D DEC L reducé “the no. ; im hole L bu i, ; if it Bas @ mate ‘ it FF (=2553 SGA Lo 6,AR tead B with the

nG. ARC=17S) 668 LD 5,68 toad & With @ C626 ADO A,26 add the no. in R ‘ tG@ SB (=43) ;put the resutt in &

In the fourth exampte, if A con- tained, Say, EP then the sum would be 185--notice there was a Carry into the third place--the fresult is toe big toe Fit inte A- @hat happens? The 2 iS ianored

and simpty @D gets put into A. Here about that tater. Fimrattly let’s point out some - thing that You probably have already noticed. Ef YGU start counting im hex: @ 12 ..2. F 186 32 32... FF 168 i@3 1@2 ... iFF eos » WHEE Bilt usu be at

FFFF? Yes, at 65555. Hence every address if our List can be Qiven aS a Pp &@ i 6 GF HUMbers between @@ and FF, so that, for example, the hex number SCER is SC twohundredfiftysixes plus 2A more, that is 23504 decimat. e more tricky and rather annoy tng point--the Z6@ likes to read

addresses bactiwards, for eXamp le —

UP Scan don’t continue saa soir With the next inst. but jump to SC2R instead_

Notice that the c o de for the instruction hat the SC and the PA in the order tlo-hi in- St@€ad GF the (for us} usual hi-lo.

It iS very Gesu, 5 You Knon, tO EXaMine the contents of any GF the 65536 Memory spots. For GXample. What's in memory spat 258237 fst enter PRINT PEEK i5@25. The answer, We inew, wevuid be @ number between @ and 255. How would YOU. gét the answern in hex?

@ Start, aif t Bere a number between @ and 15 how would yucu get your computer to write iit in hex? Here is Ghe way:

16@ LET h$="8123456789ABCDEF™ 22@ LET ag=hSit+i)

Let’sS make this @ subroutine bY adding? Wet 226 RETURN

Then, if We cali on this routine TWICe BE Can transtate any num— ber n between @ and 255:

i@ LEF bg=""

S&S empty

2@@ LET t=INTin-16} t a5 the hi: hatf of nh

36 GOSUS 166 Change t

: ta hex

4% LET b$=a% Put the hi: Pari ain be

S@ LET t=<n-i6st remove the hi half se t as te

6@ GOSUB ise thange t to hex

7@ LET b§=bS$ea% FiRISh Load ang &&

8@ PRINT bs

S@ sToar

NOW Ge could Make atl of this a SuUbrOoUuUTIRNG and Write & Program that Would treanstate addresses from decimat te hex. Can yau find @ better place for state-— Sent i867

Next time We’tt took at some attual programs inctuding one that EF find quite useful.

Graphics done on 2068!

Po ce ane i FRODUCT 7 ‘FRORPUCCT Bee uss (3-F -F¥ ers

64K INSIDE THE CASE '!

INDEPENDENCE RESEARCH, P.O. BOX 1497, GREM, UTAH 84057 has a really great product. They build a 64K memory board which fits inside the

case of either the ZX81i or the TS1000. In SYNC the price was $95.00 assembled or as a kit for $90.00,

GOT THOSE TAPE LOAD BLUES?

ROMPAK, §8206 Blackburn Avenue, Los Angeles, Ca. 90048, has developed dropin software cartridges for the TS computers. The programs are an EPROMS which are placed in a ZIF socket. the ZIF board costs $146.95 and each EPROM lists from $9.00 to $15.95. Rompak is also actively

licensing quality software. So if you have a program, this may be your chance to make some money. .

J.D. HANNAM & ASSOCIATES, 99 East Magnolia Ave, Suite 404 Burbank, California, has some new low prices for the TEAC 53.250" disk drives. These are the FD-55 series with Prices ranging from $175.00 to $235.00 depending on the drive you chose. It is a good price, but what about a disk operating system for the TS7Zx!

CAI INSTRUMENTS INC, P.O. Box 2032 Midland, MI 48640, is selling their 40 column printer at a discount price of $79.95. They alsa will supply thermal paper for the 2040. The price is $10.00 for 4 rolis (4.2"x1350ft.) They also offer an interface board and the Exatron Stringy Floppy for $179.90. I have one and feel that you cannot get

closer to a disk drive for a TSZX for under $200.00.[Bill Roberts is our NPN OPO column editor]

INTERFACE INNOVATIONS. INC., 432 Casa Brazilia, Suite 201, St. Louis,

Mo, 65129, has a lightpen for sale. The pen and cassette are going for 40. 90.

DO YOU HAVE PROBLEMS COPYING PROGRAMS FROM MAGAZINES! R & L PRODUCTS, P.Q. Box 26A89, Los Angeles, Ca. 90026, has a magazine rack for sale, It has a line guide to make program copying "fast, easy and less tiresome". It is yours for $34.95. Members of our user group get a 10% discount.

ANOTHER EXATRON STRINGY FLOPPY SUPPLIER! & & J MICRO DRIVE, 1050 East Duane Ave., Sunnyvale, Ca. 94086, is also offering a slightly updated stringy floppy. It will use (read?) the same tapes used with the CAI stringy floppy. The price for the starter kit is better than CAI’s at $149.00. If our group orders two or more floppies at one time we get a 10% discount.

ANOTHER PRINTER FOR THE TSZX! EAGLE SALES, Dept. M, 15 Tech Circle, Natick, Ma. 01760, is selling the Mindware MW-100 printer for only $49.95. This is a discount of over 50% from the normal price of $119.95.

CREITECH, 24 Evans Rd., Marblehead, Ma. 01945, has a very extensive list of educational and useful software. Some of the programs are: Statistics, Chemistry tutor, Morse code tutor, Astronomy, and Scuba Diver. This last program uses US Navy methods of calculating decompression stops, air-consumption rates and pressures. These programs look and seem like a good deal at $9.95.

SOFTMARK ASSOCIATES, 210 Fith Avenue, New York,N.Y. 10010, will help YOU sell your software! They sell a comprehensive 60 page guidebook, HOW TO MARKET YOUR TIMEX-SINCLAR SOFTWARE. The normal price is $14.95, but for a limited time our user group need send only $12.75.

SIMULUSION, Box 6894, Lemon Grove, Ca. 92045, has all the programs a family needs in one package. The FAMILY ALBUM contains: a mailing list, a register for bank and tax records, an appointment calender, a checkbook balancer, a calculator, a screen-drawing program, a bulletin board, and more. Their price is $%39.95. They also carry the 2068 ($169.95), the TS-1000 ($79.95), and the TS 2040 (99.95).

ORANGE MICRO PRINTER STORE, P.0. Box 2076,Yorba Linda, Ca. 92686, looks like they have some good prices for printers. An example is the EPSON RX-80 printer for $280.00. They also carry other computer supplies.

COMPUTER-WARE SOFTWARE, P.0. Box 1059, Riverdale, N.¥. 10471, has a great deal for our user group. They are giving us a 530% discount (on a a

trial basis) on all of their private lable software. Write for catalog.

Reston Publishing is offering 20% off of selected titles if we order 20 or more books.

Finally, Frank Magnus, 409 West 48th St., NY NY 10036 has a number of interesting programs for the TSZX: ASTROLOGY, I CHING, NUMEROLOGY, COMPUTER SCRYING AND MADAME X. Sounds like some hot stuff.

rFt_LAasSsHi : FLASH: FiLAasi BAD NEWS C&% GOODI by Doug Dewey Fe-om VYaeeriaus Sources

TIMEX is getting out of the computer business; expect some great deals as things go on sale! It*s a damned shame because I thought they were getting it together. Now we look to Sinclair.

Ray Kingsley writes that HOT Z II for the 2068 will be ready by March ist at 624.95 and $2.00 s/h from Sinware. Ray managed to read it in from EPROM and then bootstrap it up from BASIC.

FIRSTLOADER needs the following changes: change the translation table to S2 at 44125 and 14 at 44126.

Tracy Norris really is not associated with TS HORIZONS! TS HORIZONS was lucky to be let down by Tracy Norris and his plans for the miracle floppy disc for under $200.00.

SYNTAX is available for a fantastic deal of 15 issues for the price of i2 (cost $29.00 for 15 months--and well worth every penny!)

TSUG of Cincinnati is hoping mad about not being able to get information. They say that color Signals are way off and report bad sound chips and real problems with the 800 number. Well, 800 number is pretty difficult. i6 lines and 7 operators, hectic activity from 8 am til Gpm, long waits (I waited a total of 1 and 3/4 hours just to see how long, and then used “Wait! Wait! Don’t leave me here!" tactic. with & sympathetic but harried operator. Sometimes questions are answered on the 800, but real attention is best secured by good old pay-by~the- minute long distance--but you have to know whe to call in Waterbury (and who to call now?). I can reassure everyone that service always seemed better than that given out by IBM corporate offices--although I

have heard excellent things about some of IBM’s dealers, the likes of which TIMEX ain’t got.

Jeff Mazur’s Advanced Guide to the 2068 from HOWARD SAMS will go to press in March and will start up with Sound, just where Fred Blechman left off. In fact the Advanced Guide will deal at great length with Sound but not much at all with alternate display modes, etc. It still

appears that we are the first of the UG's to be in the know on this account.

The TIMEX people are probably not going ahead with the Spectrum emulator plug in cartridge but it was not high up in priority--talk was of some i2 to 16 weeks away and 95% effectiveness for English Spectrum software. There would still have been programs that would not have been able to RUN on the TIMEX 2068 due to use of things like the English-made external joystick perts not provided nor supported by Sinclair. But 95% would have been a nice high correlation and would just have been fine for importers. Billy Skyrme and Sean Madden (the Once Wizards of Waterbury) know more about this device.

SOFT SYNC has five fine programs for the 2068.

SEARS was going to feature the whole TIMEX line nationwide in their Fall Catalog. They weren’t going to try to sell the Hell out of it but it was to be there for all to see. So much for that.

COLNE ROBOTICS, INC., 207 N.E. 33rd St., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33334 sopee to import and sell the ZEAKER TURTLE for something like $150.00 to $200.00 for a nice LOGO floor turtle. Prices in England are much lower but may not include the operating system or interface. Ajit Shanne is their man in Florida.

”

TIMEX was going to concentrate on their DR LOGO by Digital Research (who produce a DR LOGO for IBM), the microdrives, dot matrix arinter like the Mannesman Tally but not made by them directly, the interface which would have included a small kitchen sink (just kidding) plug in for S2k RAM to support “Personal CPM" and RS232 and Paraliel port and RGB and 8 microdrives and networking for 64 color computers, and the word processing package cartridge.

Who knows if you will be able to get. the modem or a good deal on a computer and modem from Brendles and the other local suppliers. And who knows if you will get $160.00 worth of telecommunications software if you buy both 2068 and modem together in a package.

I wondered about sending my 2068 back to be exchanged for one which was better with the display and finally decided to pop it open and work on it a bit. There are several possible adjustments, but I was careful to play around with only twota trimmer near the exposed crystal and another one in the RF modulator. I can tell you that you don’t need to bother with the RF modulator, (probably) as it is Probably correctly adjusted. The other trimmer is very sensitive but also can adjust the display so that you get a nice picture. (If you mess around with the trimmer in the RF modulator, you can throw all your color off so don’t mess there). I let my computer get good and warmed up, selected cyan boarder, red ink, and green paper (or some such ghastly combination), then I lightly tweeked the trimmer until the crawlies got going sa fast they seemed to stand still and gave me @ nice picture. I did this with the screen of PENETRATOR, too, until it looked good. Everything checked out at a friends house on & color monitor and color TV, then I took it all home where I found had to redo the operation. I think the trimmer is so sensitive that it easily gets out of adjustment. Still, dot crawl can be minimized and almost eGliminated.

Timex was moving toward making the 2068 an open system: with manuals and all sorts of things for third party companies requesting them on ~~. —Letterhead stationary, ete. Who knows, -now?— Se Rd ee AO BE

The hiss or sizzle in the 2068 and 1500 models is caused by a naisy isolation transformer that is by a corner of the RF modulator. Open it up again (voiding warranty), and carefully place «a drop of some superglue (preferably the heavier type) on the transformer cores and you will see as I did that the hiss/sizzle is reduced to SILENCE. I¢f you are in some doubt as to which is the transformer, get some help!

Next month we will review two versions of WAR IN THE EAST, a couple of shorties from 2~BIT SOFTWARE, present the program called Catalog and talk about the defunct TIMEX computer business. We have loaded up the 16K TSZX version of War in the East and it looked real nice, but we have not been able to run through the whole game yet, then today we got WAR IN THE EAST for the 2068 computer which looks as fantastic aS, if mot better than, the ié6K version. Sharp’s, 127 Nine Mile Rd, Sandston, VA 23150 markets these two games. The 2068 version is available for $17.95 + $2.00 s/h and documentation seems straight forward and classy.

John Snakenburg, Raleigh, NC (919) 737-2524, wants to $@l1]1 his Zx8i system and move up to a 2068. CMaybe not after reading the bad news in this newsletter.] His system includes a ZXGi1, direct video, button keyboard, 14K RAM, CAI 1/0 board, CAI Printer, CAI Stringy Floppy, EICO Power Supply, VOTEM, Hi Res Software and several Books. All of this for the fantastic deal of only $200.00. Next month we will feature the improved version of John’s program DATA

Timex Sinclair User Magazine seems dead. The parties who brought it toa us, who worked in peace and productively worked, are now locked in deadly combat. Woe is us. Rumor has it that the magazine will be published by someone else. We have our doubtss and we hene our doubts are wrong.

WE FEAR THE WORST...

SK of Very Low Power CMOS RAM Im a World Class Comput ere For Oniyr S44 bw WELL MOORE

Here is a method for installing a Toshiba TCS5S65 PL-15 Very Low Power CMOS SK X B RAM ($40 from Microprocessors Unlimited) in a TS1000 computer. Two of the great advantages of installation are the reduced Power consumption (maybe as much as a 30% cut) and the absence of RAM pack wobble and crash. Who knows, ina year and a half it may be possible to get a 32K CMOS RAM which will fit in the same spot that you prepare for this RAM. Of course the price may still be a bit high at that point, and such a chip would need additional decoding, but RAM power and energy savings would be great.

Here is how to proceed:

L)Carefully remove the 2K RAM from e©ee0666 @60e0006

an Issue 3 TS1000 computer = and i \

install a 28 pin socket if there bd 3 isn’t one there already. hd bd 2)Cut the SV trace to what is now HP ~ gba

pin 2on the 28 pin socket (see @®ees @ S @@eeeee diagram for C2=cut 2). And connect & jumper from Ail2 to pin 2 (tJ2= this jumper). When you look at the circuit board you will see that pin 2 af the 28 pin socket is connected to the donut pad that is nearby. My diagram has been made simple so as to avoid confusion. The jumper wires are the thick black lines and the traces to be cut are the thin lines. Other details are connections and parts an the component side of the board.

Ss) Make 2 cuts (C3 and C3) to disconnect WR from what was pin 21 (now pin 23 on the 28 pin socket) and cemnect a jumper (33) from Ali to pin 23.

4)Install a jumper (J4) to reconnect WR to the edge connector. In case you are in doubt, there are three jumpers and three cuts. Incidentally, the Toshiba chip’s power dissipation is 27mW/MH2. SOLDER SIDE

53

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@

ExCeL LeNT Book BY FRED BRLECHMAMS: Timex Sinmclaire Bees Beginner /iIintermediate Guide

Fred Blechman’s book is a fine addition te a beginner’s library for the 2068 computer. It is not very expensive at $9.95 from Howard WwW. Sams & Co. (ISBN: 0-672-22225-5). The 2068 Guide picks up on all the threads started in the 2068 manual. And Fred’s book is not a remake of an English book for the Spectrum.

Tf I were selecting an interesting, affordable textbook suitable far beginners or intermediates, ages 10 to adult, this would be the book. It has a large number of program listing, very well explained, and the programs are interesting as well as useful. Most important is the careful explanations it’s also very well illustrated (even colored photos of TV screen displays!). One of the greatest advantages the book has over all others is an avoidance of trivial preograms--no silly games here and no meaningless stuff you can’t use anyway. This 15 not to say there aren’t any games, however.

Though this book 'is great for ages 10 through adult, the younger set will probably need an older person’s help in some areas, but the programs are of great usefulness--especially with kids. I can see a4 prominent place for this book in the educational/computer camp field.

In fact, Fred’s book is the only one so far that seems to be a useful extension of the owner’s manual. Others may follow but they will have to begin here where Fred leaves off. Here is a listing of some chapter headings and contents:

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"The point of marking every move and numbering the dice is to insure that trains of thought can be left and later picked up again with eases; no ane forgets. Ideas in written form may improve the Clarity of statemens players make. The game is non-competitive, but if players wish ta develop & competitive version, they may think of it as a variation of Play. If the game seems to bring only trite relations that provoke no feeling then possibly the Blank move is not being used often enough (or the Players are taking the rules tao seriously.

"The game lends itself ta Variations of the rules. For example, an entire game may be played silently, with Players making connections without explaining them. This allows each player to imagine & personal version of the game as it goes. After the last move, each player can then summarize the game he/she imagined, and compare it with other imagined games. Another variation uses cards in the deck with the drawing sides Ups but with definitions for each card decided on by the group at the start of play."

SILlenT CONVERSATION ama THE GLASS FPLATE SAME

SUBMISSIONS for this newsletter are eagerly solicited. The primary function of this newsletter is to serve as a method of communication between members: thus, when selecting material for each issue, first priority will be given to member's submissions. Publication of material does net transfer rights from the author; in fact, it may establish prierity.

Submissions may be reviews, articles on applications, programming techniques, hardware, or anything else you can imagine. Pertinent articles from other publications will also be considered,

Towant te thank-you for an excetlent Bublication. Ioreally de enjoy it. Ive 7 €nClaosed & smatt dtnation.- I r€éalizé that it if mot much, but I am a seventeen yea oid kid On @ Limited income. WS Tt about every free penny I get gCES into my computer. Bue to distance it is Kighty un- tikelu that I witt ever be SblEe tO make it to a meeting » but I hope I wilt be able to attend one someday. I think I could reatly learn atot. Here is a little bit of infor- Mation you might want to pass On. Timex has moved the date for release of the micradrives From Fed to spring. Reason given for change was: the dif- ferences in the Specturm and the “3 2868: production Problems: improvments. I just Can't wait for them to come GUL. NO store that I can find in the Gastonia-Chartotte area have the Tv3 1588 of any com- mand Cartridges. I have aiso enclosed to reviews crf two GF the books now avalible for the Tvs 2068.

Games for Bou) imex-Sinctair By: Peter Shaw

Unfortuni Some of the games have ti to be desired. OF course € Program leaves plenty of

Gwer 8S. many Pedestians as POSSible, wh Stone appear Pp €

: goed

but to reatlys make these

games Challenging you need

ae be familiar with Specturm Sic.

##eePublished By Cell Pub. Sincerely yours,

(hb

Charlie & Siai Impe Gastonia

3 i

t

3 Cla N.C.

Enctoséd aiso i very Fun program the beep command. Fun to experiment and tisten I thi Will Like it. One last times the beep command to hear. IF you have a recorder you have an am at your service. To use

2

& Ti d wT hifi &

the recorder. Mak the mike if connected ar mect the ear plug. Press aNY YOU Can Mow amplifiy Beep sound.

The Timex Sinclair 2068 |

& By: Roger Valetine Willy Press

Even theugh this baok was written on the Spectucn .* Still can take the TrS 2aée to the limits. This is by far One GF the most Practicle books MOW avalible For the Tvs 2068, This bOGk takes vou from Machine Code to & SimPLE but VsSeFrFUL Word pracessar., The book has SB error free Programs thet aré weil documented. Aisa the program listings are crisp and cléar. Valentine bEQing bu introducing the Tvs 2@68's Character £et.color.gcund tbeepi and timeing Functions. He then Fevials & world of game Programs (some af the best I have seen) and subroutines For twee and three dimenstian MOVINQ Sraphics. HE ther enters US anmto a world of real compute img With Word Processing pro- 9rame.data files, and invece Proarams. For the price of the book it gs réatly a gotd minid,

WANTED

People with high motivation to pursue ambitious software projects for the 151000/TS2000 computers. Some sample projects to pick from:

A. Games 1. Chess Program (Sargon) 2. haga Meas Games aa () eckers, Hex, G : 3. Two Person Skil] Games (Surround): . 4. Hi-Res Graphics Games (Load Runner, QYX) Assembler/Disassembler for the TS2000 Turtle Graphics (LOGO) . Language Interpreter (Mouse) Mathematical Software 1, Matrix Algebra, Numerical Analysis 2. Engineering, Science 3. High Precision Arithmetics Projective Geometry 1. Maps ; 2. Three Dimensional Objects 3. Surfaces

(

Interested/dedicated parties Should contact Mihaly Grell at (301) 384-8325,

start Cat .09

10 READ a : @ 2@ IF a=18@ THEN RESTORE REAR

3 C.at+e@4: BEEP c,a+iz: B

D

25 SEEP = EEP c,a-12: BEEP c,3: BEEP ¢,a-z 4 .

GO To.1@e@ eae CATA _8,7.4,7,8,9.8.9,-1,7,2

eyo € CATA =. 12,3,i12 2,8,1

CATA 5,

:3,8,9,-1,7,2 7,14,16,14,

J

26,12

ra 2,1 1s$ DATA

Ray Kingsley Takes a Look Inside a Timex Cartridge and Aadads Other Comments

"Inside Ca Timex Cartridge] one finds three blobs of what looks like high quality tar on a circuit board. Apparently they must weld down the silicon wafers themselves, which gives them a pretty good Proprietary grip.

"When I got your 64-column routine {which we printed in the newsletter last month] going, I realized that I had been there before by various means and didn’t believe it. Legibility is passable but not great. I should be able to gin up an me print routine for it, as it does make the machine a lot more interesting. I’ve had a hard time finding time for it next to my ZX81, which has better color, fully programmable 64K, EPROM boards (the Oliger system) and of course HOT Z, without which no Z80 machine seems complete. So I’ve done very little work an the 2066 to date.

"HOT Z If has settled down at last after a very difficult birth, and I’m glad of that. Fixing bugs in densely occupied memory space is no picnic. Though it is the case that good fixes are often shorter than the original code."

[We understand that Ray is working on a version of Hot 2 II for the 2068 and that it will be out soon. We promised a review of HOT 2Z II, but the review will have to wait for the April issue. Dick Scoville wants to write it, but HOT Z II is such a fantastic tool and program

that it requires some time to explore, understand, digest and evaluate.)

VOL. II Re. I ie an oben forum or te K St/e pos iGug ei (om) 8 Bor 7068, Rock GR 72217, roe Ccmecuiey tentomtll: e de requected ‘ado mnedit tine be am, oduckion this ‘ovum, Th tiabisity 46 cacuned we/micuwe of contents forum. Gory Smith Editor

CONTEXT: EDITORS CORNER =sen=x=

THERE ARE &@ FEW NEW FORTH TUTOR TAL TEXTS OUT. OSCAR SENSABRUGH LIKED “INVITATION To FORTH" BY HARRY KATZAN. IN PART BECAUSE IT 1s A BOOK OF INFORMATION AND NOT CARTOONS COSCAR HAS LONG LAMENTED THE CARTOONS IN “STARTING FORTH ’> HE RATED THE CONTENTS ABOVE BRODIE, HOGAN AND SCANLON. I AGREE, IT IS A QUALITY TEXT CONTENT WISE. BUT I WAS TOTALLY PUT OFF BY THE DOT MATRIX PRINT I KNOW THIS NEWSLETTER IS pOT MATRIX; BUT IT COMES AS A GIFT TO OUR USERS TO THANK THEM FOR SELECTING HAWG WILD SOFTWARE RS THETR FORTH CONNECTION. 1 CERTAINLY WOULD HAVE EXPECTED BETTER QUALITY PRINT IN A HARD BOUND TUTORIAL

I WAS MUCH MORE IMPRESSED IN ALL RESPECTS WITH “BEGINNING FORTH* bY PAUL CHIRL TAN. CHIRLIAN’S BOOK USES AS A MODEL MMS FORTH. BUT CONSISTANTLY POINTS OUT USES’ WNON-USES OF WORDS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN BOTH FORTH-7S AND FIG-FORTH KERNELS. I PERSONALLY RECOMMEND

THIS BOOK FOR ANYONE’S FORTH,

LIBRARY.

’ ¢* “YWCRPORTHD TIC Versus VLIST: OSCAR SENSABAUGH ALSO

POINTED OUT THE. OBVIOUS, IN REPLY

Ta JANE: MCCONNELL “Ss QUESTION ABOUT THE NEED FOR THE FORTH WORD * <TICK) .

OSCAR SAYS, "I AM CONFUSED!!! CREGARDING THE QUESTION ABOUT TICK> THE XFORTH MANUAL INDICATES THE QUOTE PERFORMS THE FUNCTION OF, "FIND THE ADORESS OF eEX OIN DICTIONARY". * THEN OSCAR ADDS. "TO GET THE ADDRESS FOUND IN THE ORIGINAL VLIST. I FIND IT NECESSARY TO PERFORM A BIT OF SUBTRACTION. 1.E..8 SPACE ERCH FOR €4> THE QUOTE «22> THE SEPERATING SPACES <3> EACH CHARACTER OF THE DESIRED WOREc. "

REPLY-VLIST GIVES THE ADDRESS OF THE START OF THE HEADER. 1.€.,WHAT THE SP WAS SEFORE THE WORD WAS DEFINED

“ GIVES THE LINK AGDRESS

ALAN ROFT. CO-AUTHOR PRAISE FOR A CONTRIBUTOR:

'- MANY USERS HAVE WRITTEN NOTES TO THANK JAMES MCCONNELL FOR HIS HANDY COPY UTILITY. sO MANY. IN FACT HERE IT IS AGAIN. <FOR USERS OF FORTH WITH A SINCLAIR PRINTER>?:

HEX HEADER cory

cS c cbc, e869, C4 C.

ESFD . THANKS AGAIN, JAMES USEFUL fiGRDS FOUND:

THE FOLLOWING WORDS WERE FOUND TO BE PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO OSCAR. SENSABAUGH. HE FOUND THEN IN “FORTH PROGRAMMING" BY LEO SCRNLON. PUBLISHED BY HOWARD W. «SAMS. HE NOTES THERE ARE SEVERAL USEFUL UTILITY wWwOoRDS THROUGHOUT THE BOOK. OSCAR MODIFIED THESE FOR USE IN XFORTH. JUPITER USERS USE & WHERE YOU SEE & AND C@ WHERE YOu SEE ch 42>: LEN CRETURN CHAR COUNT OF

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-e Review of Sinmwere*= s “"“STrTerF by : HMarmrvinm Samui =

STEP is a program from Sinware. The ad says STEP is the ultimate debugging tool for programs in BASIC. I cannot say if this is true or not, But it sure comes close. STEP permits the execution of a program by several methods. The simplest is one line at a time.

To use STEP, first you load it followed by the program you want to debug. When all is loaded, RUN the program. Only the first line will run. Each time you hit ENTER the next line will run. This will let you see what each line does and also what happens on the display. Press S$ for the status of the display and you begin to see the advantages. The display shows the last line run, the next line, and the value of expressions. You have to tell it which ones you want to see first. This lets you see exactly what the program is doing and in two different ways for each line.

You can also tell STEP to RUN your program until some condition is true. This can be an expression or "X" times in a Loop.

If you write your own programs STEP may just be "the" program for you. The documentation is great--a full 14 pages. It even includes an example program to show you how it works. I can recommend this program to anyone interested in programing in BASIC. STEP is available from

Sinware, Box 8032, Santa Fe, NM 87504, for $14.95 and $2.00 per order for p/h.

RAMPAGER” §RAHPAGER

DAW TANDBERG, No CALLIOPE SOFTWARE . RLEUQUEROQUE, NEW MEXICO

A REVIEW BY HIAWATHA C.DEMBY UR,

_ RAMPRGER COMMAND LIST REC: | WRITE : REESE STOLE, RANSON, A ADORESS L LAST 6 NEST PAGE S6 DOWN THE ADS AND THE MANUAL WARM 7 LAST PAGE SY UF THAT THIS IS NOT AN SSSEMBLER.50 2 COPY I INSERT IF THAT IS THE TYPE OF FROGERAM Wo WRITE KR KILL THAT YOU. ARE LOOKING FOR THEN LOGK ELSEWHERE. WOWEVER, IF You ENTER: RETURN TO REAG DO HAND ASSEMBLY OR JUST NEED & BREAK: RETURN TO BASIC GOOro Mo LOADER THEN THIS COULD SRSS Se RST StS assesses sess sss ssessss BE YGQUR PROGRAM.

(PRESS ENTER To BEGIN) THE PROGRAM LORDED WITH ONG PROBLEMS IN ABOUT 75 SEC. AND

26514 4082 @11 8B " AUTO STARTS. THE GPENING SCREEN 26515 4055 855 27 R IS A MENU THAT NEEDS LITTLE IF LESIE 4054 O3E 26 A ANY EXPLINATION, BUT I oo SsuUGG- LE5i7 4085 O88 22 4 FST READING THE MANUAL BEFORE LEELE 4055 G55 35 P SING THE PROGRAM. UNFORTUNATELY LESIS 4067 OSE 26 A THIS IS THE LAST TIME THAT You 1520 4285 O44 EC G SEE THE MENU, SO UNLESS YOU HAVE 16521 4082 O42 2A E A GOOD MEMORY THIS COULD BE A 16522 408 @55 27 & SLIGHT ANNOYANCE. I USED THE iéS5es 4056. 011 SE " PRINTER TO GET A COPY GF THE l&Se4 4080 115 Fé MENU UHICH I KEEP BESIDE ME WHEN T6525 4080 115 76 I USE THE PROGRAM. JESSE 485E O32 21 5 2 16527 406F i308 Se hs THE PROGRAM WORKS VERY FAST 16525 4890 O64 40 RNG GND FLIPS FOREWVAROS AND BACK i€Se2 4051 O17 ii) THROUGH 22 BYTE BLOCKS OF MEMORY 16538 4092 ee OF TO STARTING UITH WHATEVER ADDRESS 16531 4885 lis 77 THE USER SELECTS. EACH BYTE ALSO 16532 4094 801 21 * Hes ITS ADDRESS IN DECIMAL AND 16SG3 4895 Ceo 1D 1 HEx AND THE CHARCTER ASSOCIATED JESS4 4096 @@5 aS § WITH THE BYTE. THE BYTE ITSELF 16855 4257 e07 ED GOSUB TS ALZO REPRESENTED IN DECIMAL AND HEX.

THE PROGRAM HAS A REAC AND WRITE MODE. THE READ MODE COES A= IT STATES. THE WRITE MODE H¢eH¢e4e4¢44¢ NOTE SEES KFEEEEHE LLOWS NOT ONLY ENTRY BUT EDIT 7 FUNCTIONS FOR MACHINE CODE. THIS IS WHAT I FOUND TO BE THE MOST

TSUG MAINTAINS A FOUR POINT USEFUL FEATURE. THE EDITING IS FSTING SCALE WITH A 4 GOING ONLY QUITE INTERACTIVE ANE FaSyY TO . RETINGS GRE TOUGH AND BASED Of e PRICE, PRACTICALITY. AND FUNC- ENTERING THE me FROORTM Te TIONAL MERIT. ANY RATING ABOVE Fasy, BUT WHERE IS A SLIGHT ee 4 JS GO00 AND RATINGS SOMETINES PEOBLEMN, RAMPRGER RESIDES IN RA Use y AMONG MEMBERS BUT ONLY EY & TOP STARTING AT Sereo. BUT Oh ue SEVERE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE 2862 AT Usvs 7 GET AROUND THIS ess PROBLEMS GETS A LOW 3 FROM THIS -« ey G@ USRe CALL TO TAY Beppe ey REVIEWER. AND CAN THEREFORE BE USEC WI

Hee SHOTHER PROGRAM TN LOW RAM. REEESSSSEFE SESS SEES ELE REESE SEF

WHILE WE SRE ON THE MANUAL Z WOLD L2hE TO GIVE My FIRST RERL tf Soe a aT THE MANUAL IS Goo IN CONTENT. BUT THE PRINTER THAT BI MINE HAD NO SYMPATHY FOR HUMAN EVES. THE DOT MATRIX

Fi r i2 HARD ON THE EYES If EVEN THE BEST LIGHT. IT SEEHS THAT THE FRINTING COULD HUE BEEN DONE IF NOT ON & BETTER FRINTES THEN FT LEAST IN AN EMPHASITSED MODE,

eet WOULD LIKE TO SEE COMMAND poe’ GIVES yO BACK. § MY REFERENCE SHEET ogee NOT BE NEEDEP, ET ICN FOR FUTURE WOULD LIKE TO SEE MELY TYRE GROUPING OFCODES AND GATS ik nad WOU JLo EE

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Cassetie-Computer interface 2X80/81, TS1000, TS1500

“worth its weight in gold’

Timex Sinciair User Vol. t#4 review

e Sol ve your LOADing problems

« Duplicate any TS/ZX cassette

e User friendly. Simply plugs into your cassette player & computer jacks.

- * Guaranteed

= $19.95 assembled; $14.95 kit, $1 earphone, $1 S&H

nt

Mas asses ccoclsea cee elena = eacsaee anna

SAS — SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTER

Teach your computer to obey your voice commands! Plug-in unit w. cassette, documentation.

No computer changes ALSO FOR TS 2068! SPECIFY Assembled $34.95, Kit $29.95 postpaid

UTILITIES Postpaid NOW ALL RELOCATABLE!

KEY-untock, merge 16K $10. HIRES PRINTER GRAPHICS $10. Site ZXLRB-fast load $11.

G. RUSSELL — ELECTRONICS

AD 1 Box 539-S, Centre Hall, PA 16828 814-364-1325 MasterCardiVisa idam- ‘8pm, CheckiIMO

\. FREE information. List of utilities on cassette available. 55S GO A OR ee ee oo

I am working on a project in which I am using the Memotech HGR to do

pictorial drawings and revolutions.

I have had great success with the HGR

unit in producing the type and quality of drawings I desire on the screen. I am also trying to do a screen dump of the graphics generated on to an

EPSON FX printer. the ZX81 to the EPSON.

As indicated, the screen graphics are going well, able to get a successful screen dump to the EPSON.

I am using the Memotech parallel interface to connect

but I have not been I am writing to you |

because I would like to make contact with someone who has had (hopefully successful) experience doing screen dumps from the ZX81 to the EPSON.

I would greatly appreciate you sharing my problem with your members, and I look forward to communicating with anyone who can offer me some

assistance with my problem.

WORD PROCESSOR WSiiss

A new version of WSII.3 (reviewed in SYNC magazine, Val.4 #1, Jan./Feb. 1964) is available to drive all 60 column printers through a standard parallel interface with the 2X61, TS1000 or TSiS00.

In addition to all the standard WSII.3 options (upper and lower case letters, repeat on all Keys, full screen editing, automatic up and down scrolling, block move, search, replace and delete) WSI1.4 will allow you to use all of the special functions ef your printer from inside the text file, ee well as selectable line length and eetional right Mustification. WSII.4 is user expandable ¢rom 6,000 characters in {6K RAM to 40,700 characters in 64K (up to 80 pages double-spaced). Write for full description and prices, stating the model of your computer with

RAN cize, printer and interface:

GESANG ASSOCIATES

Post Office Box 452 Randalistewn, ND 21183 (204) §22-0767 efter 6 P.M. Exclusive U.S. Ditributer

Al Rapp

Dept. of Industrial Education and Technology

Appalachian State University

Boone, NC 28608

“VTIMEX-SINCLAIP USER 4% LaSalle avenue Buffalo, N.¥. ideid-L4ld

ne ETWOTE Ras PECeived TinEroUs Complaints in regards to subscriptions for this fagazine. TSUG Vancouver is advising it's members ta purchase ‘“TIMNEX-SINCLAIP USER’ at the peusta nds ong. TELS Vancouver if alsa advising it's memebers Who have Subscriptions which have not been a@elivered to seek pemedi¢s via Mail fraud laws. TSUG Vancouver has written to the president of ‘“FIMEX-SINCLATR USER’ an regards to complaints Gf it's members ane hss received nc reply or magazines.

have been Fete) ving similar reports throughout the netwarr. Please advise your meMbers .

PROGRAM pee

B Rpe= i 98.2

= 1,94 mA

26m¥ _ 26mV¥_ _ Ra = “Te > T.5ink 13.42 Rar = Ra(Be1) = 13.4(1.2)2

This is the review of the AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS prograrm I promised you last rmonth, but didn’t get a chance to do. The program is simply called AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PROGRAN and it functions like a miniature version of ECAP. Anyone who knows what ECAP is can skip to the next paragraph. For those who don’t ECAP stands for electronic circuit analysis program and what it and this program let you do is calculate the output of any LINEAR circuit once you know the input signal and the circuit schematic. By linear. we mean the prograa won’t model logic gates only linear amplifier circuits. For example, suppose you have a transistor stereo preamplifier circuit and you would like to know its output across the audio frequency band (say 50 Hz to 20 KHz). You begin by entering all the resistor, capacitor, and transistor values into the program. You also enter the connections between these cormnponents at the same time. Then you select the input frequencies you are interested in. For each input frequency the prograr will calculate the circuits output. Until you have done these calculations by hand you can’t appreciate the usefullness of @ program such as this!

This prograa will handle’. any passive RLC (resistor,inductor,capacitor) circuit. It also has builtin rnodels for NPN Transistors, JFETs, OPAMNPs, and Transmission Lines. It calculates the output amplitude and phase angle relative to the input as well as the log of the output which is nice for finding the 3dB cutoff frequency of filters. It is also possible to sweep the input frequency between two points in linear or logarithmic steps. There are of course limitations to such a small progran. Only 10 circuit NODES are allowed. A circuit node can be thought of as a point in the circuit where coaponents tie together. This is an aoversiaplification, but a useful one. For example, in the circuit shown the base of the transistor is a circuit node. This is made clear by the examples in the ranual. What is not made clear in the manual is that you have to enter each node and component value one at a tire not as a string. Other limitations include the fact that the aodels are fixed, the input is fixed at ivolt, 0 degrees phase, and the program is fairly slow. Still, this is a very. useful prograr for anyone working with linear circuits. It is available from Z-TRON INT’L , Computer Electronics Division, P 0 Box 1332, Monterey Park, California, 91754 . (213)-289-1004 Price is $9.95 + $1.00

shipping. Warren Joches #ENTER i #ENTER TEETNPY TRANS | aloe rn ANALYZE # inte Ss N-NODE, iT- = -RZ COLLECTOR, ENIiTeR, RBE-OHMS? srot’? Go NODE? STRAT FRe=ne7 : aP PREG HZ NO TS? “sENTER | FRE csubee tS & eee . - = = “abd RESTSTERS FE, 5. i pk tes Ps) NODE A: NODE Bas RES-OHNS? “f BLOG. -53.45545 PHASE is. 3125 NODE A, NODE B RES-OHNS? | FREQ 12 ‘o F rie are 4 AMPL @.11432

SOLO0G -16.83774 PHASE -70.34876

INCREC IBLE SUPER TAPE

TS1i568-/16@8 CT & Eeaa Look what you get:: Secret ROM routine Super fn plat Four 2k action games Touch Type teacher Extensions to BASIC Beep and phasor sound effect Printer upper;svtower case Printer hi-res graphics MULtiple programs in 16/64k 16k OSCIiLLISCOPEe in real-time €..2eINCREDIBLE GRAPHICS) Tape name reader Tape unlocker 16k tape utility Powerful 26k assembler VERSIONS) ese &@&fd bonus programs!

rye bed hit bid

Would you believe that most The above Uses Machine code? om Quality TER tape far S57 Ue ace about the marmatl cé For & software cartridge Tuo casésettes.:

Welcome to JRC SOFPTURRE. There if £0 much on tRis Lape that I honestly think you wit be fuUrpriseéd, And simce att Products have an uncenditions ten day money-back Quaerantee, YOU Fisk absolutely nathing.,

ARC SOFTWARE

(JOHN RICHARD COFFEY) PO BOX 446 SCOTTSBURG, IN 474172 (812-752-6071 & -S1ea6:

PLESSE include self addresses Stamped (8.37) envelope far mmistructions. Iopaey ait other postage.

ors “For & Limited time oaonty, HOU Can get Free Surplus sample Liftimgs by Sending URC SOFTUARE & £€lf Sddressed stamped enve- LOPE.

gure ST EAST

INVASION OF RUSSIA, JULY 1941

16K or 32K

You command the German Army in the invasion of Russia to take Moscow. 32K garne has: *Large 4 screen map board * Divisional and Brigade strength- Panzer. Infantry, calvary, etc. * Supply fines ® Zone of controls * Effects of winter, rainy seasons ® Actual reinforcements * 16-20 hrs. playing time * Can resave for continuous playing *No fast reflexes required 16K game identical to 32K game except:

seston SHARP’S

® 5-6 hrs. playing time 32K-$14 7.95% $2.00 S&H 16K-$14.95 + $2.00 S&H 127 NINE MILE RD. VISA & MASTERCARD ACCEPTED SANDSTON, VA 23150 Visa Mastercard (B04} 737-4895 Include card no. and expiration date. aa Sig. © COPYRIGHT 1983

THE GREAT GRAPHICS SHOW, TOUCH TYRE LEARNING GAME, THREE GANES

PACKAGE, HI-RES LANDER, OSCIL- LOSCOPE, and EASY EDITOR are $24.95 for atl six programs on (one high Quality TOE tape. or QedS each THE GREAT FOR GRAPHICS ae THE SHOW i TIME x i] COLOR @ 1964 by COMPUTER

JRO SOFTUARES PO BOX das 6 SCOTTSBURG , f

IN 47178 ©

TIMEX if a registered

Trade Mark of

TIMEX COMPUTER CORP. IMEX © SINCLAIR is a

Registered Trade

Mark of the,

SINCLAIR RESEARCH LTS.

: i

T/S 2868 COMPUTER SOFTWARE CATALOGS

RUICES.

This List contains 88 Listings Of sll tnown TS 2868 programs. ALL af the programs may be Ordered from us via Gur mait Order service. With ach order You will receive & Mew software Program with updated information om it, at no extra coOsSt.3end ali orders ta:

TlSeT se 5

F.0. Box 152

Red Bank, TN 37418 for cCaettli 2-515) 8rr-6ss28

Mon-Fri 2 te & PM (EST).

Ail proagrar ré Suggested Retail Price der 3 or 4 af amy programs get a SH arf discount ons: Order. Order any five (5) ore programs and get a is discount, All orders m @ Prepaid with Honey Orders Checksi.

Add $1.58 e1 25 per program

For ghioping t. Order by Name, Cat, & FPrice. Rlilou 3-S we d@livery.

scale st Rated

sole cellent

tek ry Good

& od :

+ Bitabie Been Ali programs are Tape Cassette uMmLess stated otherwise

Play oi, Craps, of slots with Manes ot a ae betting stake. Break the bank or ¥oid mines, rescue ladies.

Lose yuaur shirt, instant replay oF moves. ; G/TOS4B02 e206 8 See e ae ema LS. og Excellent sounds and 9raphi CS.« Command Cartridge-Same as above. 2 levels of play.

S/TO7VAIO1 Sahar ve eesaen 329.98 BYCODLSB veces ereceeee $19.35 Includes ALL Legal moves. i.e. Fight the drones and capture the ~ Gastling, empassant. Special mothership in a 3D space war features lets you setup board with three playing screens.

toa Study Siraiegy. GSSS21 ss ssecveneeeees $21.95

G/T@asd¢ais eereereseases te - $19.95

Pig your ship over hitts and thru tunnels ta bomb a emeny —— . m o35@ Without being shot down. Neen eaagosrhi ce ane, Sons aa Ang fte oF your planet. |. 5 Command Cartridge-Same as above. SS tersreerenees HE4LS G-TCS?748Se2 pesezenseseser hoes 35 pt es te SS ee AS Here is your chance to have fun and Learn about computers too. Rum the bug threugh the TS 2868 Cirtuit Board Maze in @ race. G-TASI3SS PhO TET eee oe he. SS

Cas Ss fetes High-scoring Fast-action Binbail

GOritla raiders invade earth. game includes shooting the bail,

Huiti-Screen Action. poeee ge aa good

YSSSizB . eles dak fe ants oe 4 unce & Fliprer actian,.

pana = BIOS 2b Tossed 6. vad een. uslovuS : “3 Command Cartridge-Same as above.

Move through the Maze , Qrabbing S-/TC?4 Bae veseseeeeen eee A SSBL95

€995 and unicocking the Locks as

YOU 9O Without being bitten by

the Crazy Bugs.

S 6 Tessa2s esse eseeeeaeeeeaesrs $13.35

Chase game which demands that you whiz through the maze

Without geting caught. a SoS: G/T@s4eea5 acbig ehaudceeee 3 eel Oeoo YOU if yoursel Caught sf 3 tale of treasure & horror. Find Pee ee the treasure and the cave exit UOrce activated laser weapons af g0u Can. Cheat sheet +$3.80

A fast game with 5S levels of G/GS Pact eerc eee es e HE4L95

BLay @nd exciting graphics that ESE oe See aten eE as ia ae eee

Put you in the center of action.

G/rSSez2 eseeroneen een te A $559,295 FORM are the Pil Lot oF the Lite - Ship. Yau must Find the alien

eh ee OS DS SS Planet and des troy it. Great

Featuring FuLl attack mode, graphics. Best Game Ero an cane

BS attack waves, 1I8 Levets of B-O5 Siig cepnera

adifficutty. Rapid fire, Meteor

Storms ,Plasma bolts Kilter bombs 1

B/,0°S B - aresaseesere es $19,95 You are the interglactic sales- Mam. YOU can gain Forture, fame,

Sr eggeee Teo Or end up in &@ Betton Hetthoie.

Speed your dragmaster over 2 “Wo + reetcureersee s HOS.

vd Mile draastrip against the

Clock. Shift gears monitor tach

and speedometer to get best time FLY your Ship arcund the grid

GYT@B4AO? cae seeneesees $15,995 FULLIMNQ a réd €lastic streamer behind to dominate the squares.

SL ees Unparatletled excitment.

Play Gor 18 Roles. Must hit GOS ¢ Petes eesese es S84. 95

from tee to nOLe avoiding

bunkers, water traps, trees, and Se rough. Lose yourself in he Goblin GTAS4O1S ceca eee eee ee AHIF.9S Labryinth amongst Demons, Trotits the undead. and the Evil Wizard, nee gp veinor. A high-scoring mavel S&e bettie GOS + Petes seesavree s HS4,95 S-d Game. Sink warships with Sees muclear & conventional missles. See es : : GvT@G4009 .ccacesnveceeee$l5,.95 TRE SORisticated Chess game that talks back. Seven levets of ole eee : : Pare eg Graphics and sounds, Exciting Maze Game. Eat apples Piso A oe iormaied ihaenieeer ete ee &-COCLIS teesceserecees Hod, BS “352 es 2:eses Ff BR Be KREKRE EH B s - ae . List by Tupe: Educatianat Se AS of Feburary 2, 1984 Horace must slalom down slopes and between Flags without a hiting trees and cross roads : avoiding traffic. G-/TBa64815 ovens ete een ee SLES speonganmarteerns . viii cen = SSS Es SS Téaches capitializa Tron moet Get to the web and Jestrey the common rules and test or what spiders before that Poison ae you have learned. . G-T@S4815 ree Se ee eee ee as E TeaSse5 Ree Sa eee RS 5.25 Adventure gamé in Which you help EMter 58 words foryour child to Horace tease the park ranger Learn iG spelt. Determine how bu Stealing lunchs, eating — Long £6 Flash the word. Computer flowers, and ringing alarms. does the rest. G/T@S4814 sesseseasceee e HL9.95 E “HF 32868 eee s ee esee ree A $3,905

ey Gasp rer. eee ae a eto

oF up to 7120 invoices iy with this handy €55 program. : eeoseneosecnee se $14.95

ed OF OE birthdays ointments » List up to & per day, 31 days per. mo. Friant or save on tape. HOHACISE eae se ew ee wakes 232.595 Tracks all guia maintenence and ee =. 0° Lets you know when S@rvice is Camp ivé qué. Digagnostic aids help tig th 3 Lica PinPoint repairs needed. Found in more expensive programs HeTOASSSi1 cee cs ee ence er ee e HLS, SS Easy to use ari id weet soacumen ied. ine: BYSS288 $4 as be wa e's tee el. 85. et ft ate & ee : SS Soe x Ee: : Tracks actual budgeted Soe ae ee es BxXPEeNnditures and computes the Pevelop numerical charts and difference, Ex -FEenses Can be use that data ta preduce color recorded for ao Fult year. @raphs of pie, bar or tine H-T@E2888 — sestescosee ses SEE, 95 gatas, Command Car ir idge- ~Same &5 sbaove, B-TO618aas see see ee eeeane 2$19 ag HATO TSa8a zs 2 er se we ee ee ee $34. as

oe ee ee Se Tris will Roldup to 8@8 praducts ChECkbook and For up to 182 scceunts. Reduces ata. Loads Date, ; Manual paper, WyrCash Register Ource /sPayee, and mode, Records Inv. changes auto. ni oF Ehecks. B-HSFLSSS 8 be ERO ow eA, OS Pseeveeee ee tc $HL5.95

Stores

k progr uP ts & 35@ checks, nt, check #, date, ckiy.

Pease e see ere a SL 85

Pies ane rece a@ and retive a single

room Caner 1GME tL oOF painting.

to

= Bn GbEect whith you can fete ees eee e e $19.95 LREM MOdify. expand, reduce, = . a shade, color, Zoom in or aut, cara eS : Or rotate to view From 3D view. Ho L ad up to 388 names & telerhone B-TARLBeS ease de alee 2s Dowee Seas eS number, addresses. Search by mame, address. city, State, Zip. List by Tupe: Entertainment Or phone mumber. List ar prints. AS 6f Feburary 2, 1964 RAYHMLESSS Pecteseesseee HH, SS Fashion modets cuide tO gdiet, Price nmutritian, and good heatth. = At ied to users os Characteristics. €dina builet, H-SS28a2 ’ ees csevee eres SS4, SS 4 3

in

and wit.

tease eve rs EK, BS

thru the maze destroyed by the pirraggrtgre ss 2819.35

Gariridge- Same as ahove Losec ee ree eee ee te HALLS

the ants and

*

fe ~

aved ene, 4D view Pha

_ einai an (eee Urmbelievable saft solid cee are ace BSE Graphics, Absa i ute ty great For those GrGes tesserae eee e HE4,95 green thumbs. Help pian yard

care Le eee ys ee a Eocp Oe : [Sees and plant caré. Weretlimatic map. Quiter Space action in which the H/TOG-2802 22sec ececeeee $19.95 Object is to Lead the oppostion eee ; Spaceships doun 3s blind ailey, List by Type: Business Without setting boxed in

AS af Feburary 1, 1984 GFTOSGAO2) si awe we oe caw e192 05 Name j ee ee an eae oe oes Deseription : Bugaboo the Fi tea igs Trapped "at CatalogeR Price®. the bottom of the cave and.

2 = cere him escape by jumping out. Seah ORE oS Ate SS a a ud Tis Totals. figures ea Les tan Pleas eg Se ee thee ae and keeps daily totals, prints

sales receipt with name, date.

B-HCR15 eesacrecssceor s 2 $92.95

Put ‘at a e BEE yo and E-TO63808 esx cree esean 22%24d.95 Cartridge- Same a& above E,-TCeServsaaeae Fests eee eee et ee p $H9,95 ers : Prepare students for engtigh test by Providing practice dritts im @nglish grammer and Strengthing testing skilts. E-T@s8sass Pte eee eee ee ee ee tt HL9,OS Allows user to Subtraction, multication and division up to 58 prablems.

G& levets of diffeutty.

ESNOSa8S

He ips grammer School chi tdren léarn Addition and Subtraction. Computer corrects Wrong answers, E-Tessais Feesvecvesease oe HIS.95

so: o> meas

Hetps a? anne?

EAS

choo eee

learn MULtiplication and Division. Computer corrects Wrong answers,

Faeteecesaeae HIS, 35

E/TS636158

The spéeliing bee chailanges the younger set. Seu kee corrects Misspelled word to help chitdren Léarn from thier Mistakes. E-T@6é2e138 Rees eee ae ee S15, 95

ing bee Challanges the

Tre speiisz

younger set. Computer corrects MispeLlled words. 2 Advanced levels,

EvT@SGBLL o-acecncese eee HIS.95

ee oe

ol and map oF

Sel r-téaching tos

USA. Challenge your abilities to name all BS staies and capitais. E-TQ6-3881 a.rprpexs eevee see 2 -$15,55 Command Cartridge-Same ss Above. ESTOS ?- 2eG1 seeeceseeeseere HEN,95

Insert a word inta the grid,

Crossing wirds with €acth other- making ma more that 5 mistakes. EST@éseais Y ¢4-teles Hable ene Sao

Hangman- Guess the word before the campbuter hangs the oe Anagrams-Becipher a word. E-TWS38@23 ieee ee eee eee oS

Hangman~- Guess the word before the computer hangs the man. Anagrams-Decipher a word. Rabble -How manu words can you ie E-T@6Sa21 Saha abe! oie abate oe os

Utility Feburary 1, 1384

Sreate & Play your GUM arcades

Poaiieea Simple to use. 3 games Formats included.

Uv SS2a4¢¢ cab Re oS Cee DROS os

Hrete Machine Language Programs Efficientiy and quickly. Bae U-SS286 uate ae We eer eles ae

rer Sort

ie aa Fasiiy én and aE

hine Code sragrams. Desseess. ses 3 3? 8 we Be saae ~$i9. es

Price

Here is a program that is converted for use on the 2068. It was originally sent to us by Powell Hargrave. I hope you enjoy using it. It converts Hex to Decimal or Decimal to Hex. This is an operation you really need to know about when dealing with machine code.

18 LET Z=48 ; 2@ PRINT “Do you Wish to conve rt:*,,, "DEC. %6 HEX. F-iDI', “HE Xe to "BEC. _— cH) bad ere “Press #H or D>

38 PAUSE de4 4@ IF INKEYS$="0° THEN 6O TO 25

® 58 CLS 5@ PRINT "2 or 4 HEX. integers a ae Press @or 4” 76 PAUSE 424 8@ LET X=UAL INKEYS 9@ IF X<>2 AND X<34 THEN GO TO

78

386 CLS

1i@ PRINT * Enter “;X%;" HEX. integers”; AT 18, B: "HEX. BDEC.*; AY 12,3;

128 LET H$="8ee0"

238 FOR N=5-xX TO €

148 PRUSE ded

iS@ LET Adega

168 coo HS iN}

Ni i?7i IF CODE H$(1}>57 THEN GO Ta

ive LET AS=HS$t4) 173 IF CODE H$(2)}>57 THEN GO TO

i?4 LET B$=HS$ (2) 17S IF CODE H$(3)357 THEN Go To

176 LET C§=Hs(3 gee 239 IF Cope M$ (4) 957 THEN 60 To

i178 cure aaa

182 LET AS=cHRS (CODE H$t1}-7):

ida Tel aaa (CODE HS(2)-7):

i165 isso (CODE HS§ (31-71:

187 LET OS$=CHR$ (CODE H§(4)-7)- 0 ea

188 LET D=(CODE AS$-Z) 44096+ (COD E pB852) #256+ (CODE C$-Z1 4164 (CODE

i968 PRINT TAB 13; “30 286 PRINT AT 19, é; "agdin?- tA) GEC. to HEX. 2b)", 2 Change

to ABS (X-6) 3" HEX. Integers?-

218 PAUSE 4de4 aoe IF INKEY$="D" THEN GO To 25

“239 IF INKEYS$="C" THEN LET X=AB 248 60 es 188

#258 CL

£268 PRINT “Enter &@ décimal numb Er <= GS535S"; AT 18,3; "DEc. HEX »";AT 12,7;

278 INPUT ©

230 IF D>S5535 THEN Go ag 278 290 PRINT D;AT 12,13;"= “;

300 LET C=b

218 LET G= J

440 IF INKEY $="H™ THEN GO TO 38 456 GO TO 25 468 IF Bb<18 THEN PRINT

Db: 478 IF D>=1@ THEN PRINT CHRS (Db $247) 5

9918 R

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT R LCHARD DESCRIBES THE NEW SINCLAIR Gt. COMPUTER

Sinclair has done it again. I expect you haven't heard about his new computer - the QL - as it was only anounced: last week in Britain. The specification of the machine is very good and I will list some of the main points . It is built around the motorolla 68008 CPU and comes with 128K of RAM as standard. This processor has an 8 bit data bus but operates as a 32 bit machine. The QL (QL stands for

' Quantum Leap) also has an Intel 8049 Slave processor to handle tasks

such as reading the keyboard and sound generation as well as controlling the two built in RS232 ports. The QL has a proper keyboard which includes 5 function keys. The standard version comes with two Micro-drives built in and these work in a different way. from the Spectrums and therefore provide faster access and a minimum of 100K of storage. Sinclair has promised to bring out a disk based version and an interface for Winchester hard diske.

Also promised is a memory expansion cartridge which provides an additional 0.5M of RAM. There is also a ROM cartridge slot as well as ports for T.Vs and colour monitors. It will be impossible to use standard audio cassettes on this machine. Two joystick ports are also provided. The sound is said to be the weakest part of the machine but I don't know the details of this yet.

Sinclair says the machine is aimed primarilly at business 60 included in the package are four programs on Micro-tapes. These are a wordprocessor, a spreadsheet, database, and a graphics package. This free software is said to be of high quality. The graphics have two resolution modes - one provides resolution of 512*256 with 4 colours and the other gives you 8 colours with 256*256 resolution. Unlike the Spectrum every pixel can have a different colour. In the highest resolution mode more colours can be obtained by using 'stipples'. Single or double hight characters can be obtained and 85 characters can fit on one line.

There is a much expanded version of Basic called SuperBasic which is said to be highly structured like BBC basic and therefore does not

contain commands like GOTO and: GOSUB other than-for: reasons of program—-—

conversion. The Basic contains commands such as IF...THEN...ELSE and procedures, functions, and Repeat loops. The QL can also display many windows on one screen like Lisa and other more costly computers. Graphics in these windows are said to be easily controllable and pixel scrolling can be done with ease.

The control of these windows and Microdrives is by QDOS which is . contained in a compact 16K ROM. QDOS has a multi-tasking feature and at the launch ten programs were shown to be running simultaneously.

This computer is now starting production and it will be built by Thorn-EMI and not Timex. This should improve the quality!! Orders are now being taken and the U.S. launch is set for the autuam and it will be available only by mail order from Sinclair in both countries at least for the first few months. I will enclose some pictures 80 you see what it's like.

I ‘expect you are now wondering how much all this costs and I am about to reveal this. The package which includes the two Microdrives and the software I mentioned above costs just $500 and in Britain it costs 400!! Oh yes I forgot to tell you that the one key entry system has also been abandoned,

Another great feature is the built in networking capability which enables you to connect up to 64 QLs and/or Spectrums together. Well I think that's just about all I can tell you about the QL.

Linda Banta of Banta Software Sends Two Fe ogr ames Teo Fell if 2040 is ON or OFF

The REM statement is a short machine code routine which must be

first

line of the program. The other lines can be anywhere and c

oe modified to give other messages. Banta Software, 8088 Highwood Jrangeville, CA 95662 (916)722-4895 has many fine programs for TSZX line and is expanding to include the 20648.

Program: printer i REN <= CLS ?ACS ETAN

i RE

M FLASH CLS G THEN LN <3 2 POKE 16516, 71

O96 LET prt=SR (S54PEEK 2363542 $896 LET PRT=USR 1651

S62PEEK 23636) yor IF Prt>16363 THEN PRINT “pr

anter

& 9997 IF PRY>16383 THEN PRINT INTER OFF“

off 9995 IF PRT ¢=16383 THEN PRINT

9998 IF prt<=16383 THEN PRINT “p RINTER GN” vinter on™ egs9 sToP $999 STOP

MAKING YOUR 2040 PRINTER PRINT DARKER WHEN USING THE 2068 CoOMmMrPuUTER

Here’s a way of going through the display file and darkening up each dot, then printing out everything with COPY for a nice dark, hard copy image. This phenomenal routine was developed by Dick Scoville. Next month he will use it as means to explore machine code programming, and we will also show you how to make the same idea wor k weet LPRINT and LLIST. WOW!

Here is the routine in hex addresses and Z80 instruction mnemonics:

F498 LD HL , 8856 S8ae F483 DEC HL

Fd94 LD A,H

Fags CP 46 Ga F497 RET

F498 LD A, CHL}

F499 RRA

Fagot JR FS F493

And here it is in Hex code (you should start it at address 62608): 21,00, 58, 2B, 7C, FE, 40, D8, 7E, 1F, BG, 77, 18, F5

And here is a BASIC/decimal POKE listing:

26 PORK

38 nae a@sat2: 60° TO 26

48 DATA 33,6,88,43 ,12¢6 ,254 ,64, 216,126 ,31,182,115, Bd, 265

= 2 we PTONREG nein

Type it in, RUN it, then LIST and RANDOMIZE USR 62608. Behold a darker image. Now COPY it on the printer and BEHOLD PURE MAGIC!!

Terdamq ie Sinclair Ugercw”" Group Officers

Doug Dewey, 206 James St., Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-929-3079 (Pres) Hiawatha Demby, Jr., 211 Nature Trail, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, 919-933- 9362 (Vice)

Dick Scoville, 2313 W. Club Blvd., Durham, NC 27705, 919-286-4959 (Sec)

Mike Boyce, S3Si3 East Oak Dr., Durham, NC 27712, 919-383-2000 (Treas)

Send mail and inquiries to Doug Dewey if you are not yet se member.

The Triangle Sinclair Users’ Group meets once a month on the first Sunday at 2pm in the Dreyfus Auditorium of the Research Triangle Park facility just off of Cornwallis Rd.(see the map below). The public is welcome, in fact the public is invited. Membership in our users’ group is $10.00 a year and now is the time to send in your contribution. We have a large public that we serve, and we need sustaining contributions in the form of money, articles for the newsletter, or Ocasional letters telling us you are still interested in receiving our publication. The donation of goods and monies by members and business friends alike, is a welcome occurence and is alao tax-deductible.

6&4 COLUMM™M SCREEM y PouG PeEWEY AND PICK SCovriLwLle Here is a way of seeing the special 64 character mode in operation and convincing yourself that you need a high res RGB monitor or some such

new addition. LOAD in the first program, RUN it and call it with PRINT USR 63000.

cy

1 REN This program allows the user to reallecate varicus different components of RAN Memory and make Way for @ clear screen in the G4-character mode. See Page 254 for the different. display filesmemory maps and Pages 247 and 246 for the codes for Variable b.

=e REM Call this routine by PR ENT USR 63¢0@

& CLEAR 52999

¥ PRINT “Please input b”: INF

b

i@ LET a=-63900

28 READ n: POKE 2,7

3@ LEY a=ari: GO TO 2@

4@ DATA 243 ,62,1,211,244,219,2 55,203,255 ,211,255,.62,b,245,251. 2685 , 142,14 ,243 ,219,255 .203,191,2 11,255,175 ,211,244 .241,254,128,3 2,3,508,194,92,251,281

Now POKE straight from the keyboard as follows (the 780 machine code mnemonics are to the side of the BASIC and decimal code):

POKE 48051, 33 POKE 49052,0 POKE 48053, 64

POKE 48054, 17 BBBS LD HL,ease 4280 POKE 48055, 0 886 rp POKE 48056, 96 Seetapaee

POKE 48057, 1 BE

POKE 46058,0

POKE 46059, 26 POKE48060, 237 POKE 48061,176 POKE 46062, 201

oor may Save this to-tape with SAVE “duali"CODEYAnd now load in the ~ next program “dual2" and GOTO 1003 type stuff and it will put it up en the screens type some more stuff and it will be mixed on the screen in 64 column mode. This routine is too simple to do much good but is nice

as a demonstration and as a beginning. Other Wizards are called upon to help in this matter.

Butes: duatli peeatan. duat2

% 115 RANDONIZE USR 45@51 6 CLS

i128 INPUT bs i3@ PRINT bs

Tine March 4&h Meetima arm ct : Bil i Melek herm = ses Gairtt

The March meeting is set for March 4th at 2:00 pm in the Dreyfus Lab Building Auditorium. We will have the Timex modem on hand far a hands on demonstration, continue with the software sharing that went on last meeting, and we will come up with a group project that can be done in @ one to twa month time period. We will also have an auction of donated materials: Step, Rampagger, and Fred Blechman’s book. We will have the system that Bill McCotter has donated to our users’ group up and running. This system includes a CAI/0 interface, Exatron Stringy Floppy, magazines, books, software, a keyboard that is suitable for the TSZX computer and a keyboard/zx81i combination along with the 14K rampack. This system will be auctioned off piece by Piece or the whole system may be bought as is. I think the group needs to decide the disposition of this very fine gift from Bill McCotter. Bill owns and operates McCotter’s Marina, Inc. in Washington, NC. Bill says that he learned a great deal on this system (which was used to inventory boats and all their accesories and equiptment--Bill selis Chris Craft boats) but that a KAYPRO has taken the place of the trusted TSZX. If any User Group member is interested inh purchasing this entire system, please call Doug Dewey right away for the price and details of all that is included. Thank you, Bill, for helping our Users’ Group!

i

f& F-Loaedimg Aid That Works by ELLlicott Hammett

You may be interested in a TSZX loading aid which really works; further, it allows one to easily align ones tape heads (the latter has been the source of all my load problems with the TS1000): no tape recorder has been properly aligned when purchased. The WINKY BOARD IT (G. Russell Electronics, RDi Box 339-S, Centre Hall, PA 16828 ($19.95 +$1.00 s/h assembled; Winky Board for 2068 available soon)).

I tried many such products (which did not help) until getting this one, which has never failed me. I now use the TS2068, and used the Winky Board to align tape recorder heads when I had my one and = only load problem.

Also, with my computers, all messy TV displays have (fortunately) been cured by discarding the TV cable which TIMEX supplied and getting the Radio Shack shielded phono cable with the proper plugs for $%3.00 or SO.

CYes, tape head alignment is the source of a number of ills. The most recent issue of RAMBLINGS, the TIMEX Newsletter, contains this statement: "The EAR and MIC jacks should never be connected simultaneously," and “Load program with the followng alternate loading command LOAD " "Cleaving a space between the quotes]." First, lets just say that the second statement is wrong; it should be LOAD "" {LOAD quotequote without a space between). Secondly lets say that the first statement is misleading. Having the two cables plugged in simultaneously could possibly lead to a feedback loop existing and such a loop could make saving and loading impossible.

Now then...The Winky Boards great value is that it allows you to tweek and retweek the tape head to adjust to the tape. Another way is to do the tweeking with a test tape and oscilloscope on one tape recorder and then make a test tape of ones own for future reference. So as to be able to get back to an “in spec" state after retweeking for a troublesome tape.

The Vancouver newsletter had this to say about Winky II:"The network has received a report on the WINKY BOARD II made by G. Russell Electronics. According to the Mile High Chapter of Lakewood Colorado this product is not quite all that it could be. Club president.Peter. Callinicos states, "Several of our people have purchased them to find that they do not function as represented. We have attempted to return the products and have had no luck in getting refunds or even the old prduct back.’

Our group has received one of these products and have found that it did work as advertised. Our only reservation was that it was not really cost effective against a Q-SAVE or similar product."

PHIEt KEGEL_MEYER? S&S EDGE DETECTION FROGRAMS PEMONSTRATE ARTIFICIAtR INTELLIGENCE

USE OF THE EDGE DETECTION PROGRAM

This is really a collection of short programs, reached by appropriate ‘GOTO’ commands. The first part of the program gives the appropriate line numbers names which are easier to remember, and dimensions the

arrays. The proper order of commands is:

(Type in Program)

FAST Else it will take forever, it is slow as it is

RUN -To do the initialization

GOTO Al To set up the test image Th

wG0TO cl To set up vertical edges detector

or GOTO C2 To set up corner detector er GOTO C3 To set up general edge detector

GOTO PRINTI To see the original image,

' 4£€ desired

And Finally

GOTO EXEC To perform the edge detection

LISTING OF THE EDGE DETECTION PROGRAM:

308 REM INITIALIZATION

405 REM REM 8 TEST IMAGE S2O LET TENG =2a BOSUS CLEART . S48 LET JEND=20 REM MAKE A SOURRE S28 01 TEND , JEWD) FOR w=2d TO le S38 OI ary FoR I=8 TO le S40 LET ExEC=siaae } il,d)} 24 S52 LET clsgoge g : 550 LET faasaen REM MARE_A VERTICAL LINE S80 LET Aissecea FOR wish TO 610 LET INITsia LET Tia, en

NEXT J REM MARE A HORIZONAL LINE FoR TO 14

648 Let cLén RI=6893

S93 STO Tit,4) =i

fS9 REM I

2800 REM pee CONVOLUTION AND A SINGLE POINT OISPLAY RESw Tiis,15) 21

20280 FOR ose Th JENG-2 Le: Tee TO IEND-1 . 1830 LET RESULT=Iir-1,J-1 Til, JeLietisi4+ri j— 1

4 REM PRINT THE TEST IMAGE CLS Se » JEND IENG THEN PLOT I-1.¢4

40 ili¢ 2a"

1280 IF RESULT? THRESHOLD: gee pe eee bor f-i,40cu S002 REM FRINT THE CURRENT MASK

ias@ IF Regcee ‘THRESHOLD THEN UN S@1@ CLS PLOT T-a,4a-J ag S0g0 PRINT TAB $)C(1);TAB 10;C.2 1188 NEXT t i L11@ HET 2 Sasa ee ‘Tas S;Ct4);TAB 18;¢0°5 lie@® srapr },7RB 1S: 1138 REM rege PRINT ‘Fag $;,;C(7); TRB 18;cid 2OO0 REM A VERTICAL EDGE CETECTI ;TAB 18,013) ON MASK soso STOP 2OQG1l LET Didi s-2 Sega REM ev@e LET Cizi se 6088 REM FERC OUT THE TEST IMAGE SOAS LET Ciziset 6010 FoR wiszl TO JENS 2804 LET Ci¢t sed 6820 FOR T=i TO IEnND BVe@S LET C15) <2 6O38 LET Tilt,wis 3 2208 LET C18) =-1 BVda HEX 2007 LET C7) s+ 6352 NEXT Tah pn RET SR ee fF Lets te 2018 LET THRESHOLG=3 , #2O15 GoTo PRINTS 2100 REM A CORNER a (jf S104 LET Clijea CET ESCTOR CORNERS: “— 2i@2 LET Cifgis-2 ; , 2103 LET Cisis i -a pa 2184 LET (4) s-2 -e + ~2 B 2185 LET Cisi= 1 -z | 2186 LET 15) s-a 2107 LET Civis ies CET isi sie ERT ES ont ee C ro ond alia ce THRESHOLD =1 vi ICAL AND HORIZONTAL EDG 211i Gora FRINTC 2lz@ REM a ae 2208 REM A GENERAL EDGE DETECTIO lf] =" x3 E2O1l LET Cigss-4 2202 LET Cia) 2-1 2283 LET Ci3is-1 2204 LET Cia) s-1 2205 LET ¢iSi <8 2206 LET Cisis-4 2ea7 LET Cipvis-1 22038 LET Cia)s-1 2209 LET O13) 5-1 2210 LET THRESHOLO|?3 Possible Modifications: BelS Gord PRINTS eae8 REM A. You can change the size of the test image (presently 20 x 20) by RESULTS OF THE EDGE DETECTION changing lines 500 and 510, and then add or alter the test image by PROGRAM: modifying lines 3000 thru 3060. SE B. You could alter the present "masks", or add new ones, to seo the ORIGINAL IMAGE: a effect of other patterns of numbers. You might try: & -1-1 2 2-1-1 -l 2-1 or -1 2-1 2-1-1 “1-1 2 VERTICAL EDGES: or ft ey au With THRESHOLD = 3 - = -1 =

Triangle Sinmci aire peat hh co Group |. ‘C/O Douglass Dewey ~ 4 206 James St. Carrboro, NC 27510

[P NONPROFIT ORS. § | U.S. POSTAGE |

PAID | ] CARRBORO, N.C. PERMIT NO.83