Group

MANAGING EDITOR*

Bi 1 1 Roberts EDITOR* Doug D»w»y

VOLUME I I

NUMBERS S, <£» „ 7

MAY, JUNE, JULY 19B4

< P*

MACH I NE

toy* DICK

4 i» i ncl cad

TUTOR I AC OIM PROGRAMM I MO SCOV I L_I_E

t 3

•d i n thi • i •

2068 Machine Code Tutorial 3 by Diet Scovi I le

Here are two little programs (8100-8240 and 8300-8520) that will help you load and peek at machine code. They are com¬ pletely independent, so if you use both of them with a menu for choosing between them, you could mate the sum less, in length, than the two parts. Change these programs as you please: if you dislike the CAPSLOCK busi¬ ness (as I do) then get rid of it and input in lower case, but as you mate changes please keep this in mind: you will proba¬ bly be the only person using your program, so don't waste memory and loading time by add¬ ing a huge 'number of prompts and error-trapping routines that you don't need.

If the first program, rather than printing out the contents, in hex, of successive memory locations, actually decoded the instructions into their mnemonic equivalents and displayed them, it would be a disassembler, If the second program allowed you to type in mnemonics and turned them into code, it would be an assembler. My "medis” tape is mainly a disassembler (and many thanks to everybody who ordered it), but i f you need a first- rate assembler-disassembler , try Hot Z — it's really nice.

8100 >REM Machine code Peeke r 8110 LET h $ = ” 0123456 789ABCDEF “ 8120 PRINT “starting address ide c ) “

RALEIGH < -

HUY 54 CHQPEL HI^

CORNUfiLLIS

___ _ IBM DURHAM ->

‘JE MEET THE FIRST SUNDAY OF EACH lONTH AT THE CAMILLE DREYFUS AUDITORIUM AT 2:00 PM. PLEASE JOIN US; YOU ARE NOT UNDER ANY OBLIGATION BUT YOU WILL MAUE l:UN AND LEARN A LOT, TOO.

8130 INPUT m

8140 LET ri=PEEK fli

8150 GO SUB 8200

8160 PRINT ro; TAB 7; bf; “ “;n

8170 LET flt=m+l: GO TO 814-0

8200 LET t=INT In 716)

8210 LET b*=h*lt+l)

8220 LET t=n-16*t 8230 LET b$=b$+h* C t+1)

8240 RETURN

8300 REM Machine Code Loader 8310 LET h $ = “ 0 123456780ABCDEF ** 8320 print “starting address (de c) ”

8330 INPUT m

8340 PRINT “set CAPS LOCK"

834-5 PRINT “input hex“

8350 PRINT “append S to quit” 8355 INPUT v$

8360 IF V*="“ THEN 60 TO 8355 8370 IF V*(1)="S" THEN "STOP 8380 LET a$=v$ (1)

8390 GO SUB 8506 8400 LET k =16 it 84-10 LET a$=v$(2)

8430 GO SUB 8500 8440 LET fc=k+t 8450 POKE ffi, k 8460 LET flt=m+l 8470 LET V$=V$(3 TO )

8480 GO TO 8360 8500 LET t =1

8510 IF h$ (t) < >a$ THEN LET t=t+l

: GO TO 8510

8520 LET t=t— 1: RETURN

Now back to the tutorial: we've seen how numbers can be written to base 16, and we've known since childhood how num¬ bers can be written to base ie. Ue need some symbols — sixteen o them in the first case 01234567, 9ABCDF, and only ten 0123456739 in the second. Carrying the idea to its extreme, consider

jUS.1. 1 » ° symbols, say o 2 2 are the first few: 0,1,10,11, loo , loi , ue , in xeee . notice how easy it is to add in this system.

11011101 (=221)

+ lOOlOOl {= 73)

leeieoiie (=294)

— w# 4 1C

«rry,the l, etc. Uhat is hex »n this system? lill, the num¬ ber just before loeeo ( =is dec'.

* * rF? You guessed it

11111111, 255 decimal , the

largest number that can be writ ten with just eight binary digits. Although until now we have thought of each address location or ZS8 register as hol> ing "a number between e and 255 we see now that in fact, each o these "holes” is really eight tiny "holes- — bits — each of which can contain either a O or a l.

0 1 RNB e 1

XOR

0 1

In fact, as I understand it, each of these bits is Lite a tiny capacitor, either charged (1) or uncharged C0> , so me have realty come down to the elec¬ tronic foundations.

But the beauty of the binary system is that @ and I can stand for no and yes, or false and true, or off and on, as well as

zero and one. Here are the com¬ plete addition and multiplica¬ tion tables for binary calcula¬ tions :

X

0

1

and here are three more "opera¬ tions,” besides + and X that can be performed on a pair of binary di di tS :

+ 01 0 1

0

1 I

1

10 j

OR

The ley to understanding how to yet the answer in each of these calculations is this: let P stand for the statement, "It's raining,” and let e stand for the statement, "Today's Friday." Notice- that you can determine the truth or falsity of the statement, P OR 6, if you mow whether P is true or false and whether O is true or false. For instance, if P is true (i) and 0 is false 10} then the state¬ ment P OR 0 is true, i.e.,

1 OR 0 = 1. Similarly, only if. P and O are both true will the statement, P AND q, be true.

XOR (exclusive OR} means one or the other is true, but not both.

( Cont i nued on next: page) F>aar-'tr S wi 1 1 appear i n August and 1 et« you print si deways on the 204 O pr A nter

Do You Own a 2063?

Or- Ar e You Getti ng One?

And Are Y ou Interested In Machine Cod e Programming?

Undoubtedly you would like to own a nice machine code loader, and a simple disassembler, and a hex /deci mal ; decimal /hex converter. Then you could easily follow and learn from Dick Scoville’s machine language tutorial which starts in this issue. Such utility programs as we have mentioned above usually cost (19. 95 and up. BUT for TSUG receivers, Dick will provide all the above programs on a good tape for only *5.00 <s+h included) — a real bargain. Please send your order today to Dick Scoville, 2313 W. Club, Durham, NC 27705. If you purchase this tape, we will consider your purchase to be a show of interest and confidence in TSUG and will not soon drop you from our newsletter mailing list. This is important if you have been getting our newsletter FREE NC.

Ke have *any people who csn help you a « eeeber of the users’ group. (But please don’t ask for a huge Mount of help am expert a hasty reply jf you aren’t participating as a contributing aeabtr of this users’ groupi reeeaber, you participet ** vou coesunicate.) The best person to writ* to for help on the 2068 and on eachine code and FORTH and such things a coapliK routines to do extraordinary things is Sick Scoville. The best person to writ* to for help of all kind*, help i eachsne code and help on hardware on the ll 80, 2X81 , TSSOO is definitely Hi Beaby. Hi can also help you with genera hardware questions on the 2068. The best persons to help with sources and general inforeation on particular products art the editorial staff of Doug Dewey and Bill Roberts, let ee just say that Bill has been doing a fine job of learning th< ropes of editing this newsletter, He hope you enjoy what we have coee up with. He have a nueber of reviews next eonth of products that have been in the hands of our reviewers for quite soie tine and have been fully tested.

The August setting will be held on the 5th in Dreyfus Auditoriue, as ‘usual, starting at 2i00 pe. The eeeting will featur-

Bill Roberts denonstrating his Delphic chip for the TSZ) and a continuation of Ji# Hicks and the 64 coluen node. All an we 1 coee.

The Septeeber eeeting will be on the 2nd, labor Day weekend, of course. He hope to have lots of new friends coee to visit at that ties.

Triangle Sinclair Users ' O*— C3«_tp> Off i cers

Doug Dewey, 206 James St., Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-929-3079 (Pres) Hiawatha Demby, Jr., 211 Nature Trail, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, 919-933- 9362 (Vice)

Dick Scoville, 2313 W. Club Blvd., Durham, NC 27705, 919-286-4959

(Sec)

Mike Boyce, 3313 East Oak Dr., Durham, NC 27712, 919-383-2000 (Treas)

Send mail and inquiries to Doug Dewey if you are not yet a member.

The Triangle Sinclair Users* Group meets once a month on the first Sunday at 2pm in the Drr *fus Auditorium of the Research Triangle Park facility just off of Cor vallis Rd. (see the map below). The public is welcome, in fact the public is invited. Membership in our users* group is *10.00 a year and now is the time to send in your contribution. We have a large public that we serve, and we need sustaining contributions in the form of money, articles for the newsletter, or ocasional letters telling us you are still interested in receiving our publication. The donation of goods and monies by members and business friends alike, is a welcome occurence and is also tax -deductible.

These logical operations have many many uses in machine code — a lot more than they do in basic lines. Suppose register « con¬ tains a number between 00 and FF

(=217). Uhat hap¬ pens 1 f the zse executes the two -byte instruction

E6F8 AND F8

code mnemonic

Although the mnemonic doesn't indicate it, logical operations such as this one can be per¬ formed only on the contents of the ft register. Noe;

ft contains D3 which is 11011001 FS is 11111000

ftfter execution, ft is 11011000 Hn AND operation has been per¬ formed bit by bit. The total effect has been to turn the last three bits of ft to 0 and leave the top five alone. A similar result would be achieved by

06F8 LD B , FS load B With FS

R0 AND B AND ft wi th B

Remember, the result always ends up m register ft.

Just to get the mechanics straight, let's write a program that contains a smalt machine- code subroutine. First load in something to help you write- machine code, for instance the two programs mentioned at the beginning, ue want our subrou¬ tine to

tale a number be tw . 0 and 255, ! divide it by S, give the remainder.

—— 1 ■ — i m — ■ ■ — m - - 5

That is, if we input n, we want our routine to give the number n-8+INT (n/8) , ue have to decide where to put the code we are about to write.- let's put it in approximately the middle of the free space of the computer . say at 4-0000 , SO CLEAR 39999. Now' there is no danger that BASIC will use (overwriting our code* any addresses above 40000. At this point you may want to try out the loader program by put¬ ting in some hex values (remem¬ ber every address should hold a P a i r of hex digits) and then pee ting them to be sure every¬ thing is OK. But don't pole below 4-0000 — that's BASIC territory now. our BASIC lines will loot Lite this.

10 PRINT "enter a no., 0 to 255” 20 INPUT n : CLS 30 POKE 40000,n 40 PRINT O . USR 40001 50 GO TO 10

In line 40, we don't say USR 40000, because i f the Z80 were directed to start reading there it would interpret the num be r n which we will have entered there as code, and who tnows what would happen after that — there would probably be s crash, that is, a situation in which the Z80 busily executes instruction after instruction and we have no way of getting it to return to basic.

Now, what about the machine code program starting at 40001- First, we have to “get” the number that lies in address 4-0000 ( — 9C40 hex) . He r > h OW :

3R409C LD ft, (9C40)

This is an instruction type we

haven't met before. Tate the parentheses- to mean "the con¬ tents of." This instruction loads register ft with the number which is in the hole whose address is 9C40, that is. the contents of address 9C40.

Next, please convince your¬ self that the number we ultimate ty want (the remainder) is simply the number made up- of the last three binary digits of n — just as, i f we were worting in decimal and wanted the re¬ mainder when 765427 is divided by 1000, the ans-wer would be the last three (decimal) digits, namely, 427. ue are dividing by 8 ( =1000 binary) , so our prob¬ lem will be solved if we can mate the top five binary digits of n 0's and leave the last three alone. That's easy:

E607 AND 07

This worts because 07(hex)= 00000111 (binary) ,so AND'ing ft with 07 tills (masts) the top five digits of ft and leaves the last three unchanged, ftt this point we have the answer in ft —

how do we deliver it to the USR routine in BASIC? Remember that that routine will tate as the answer whatever number is in the BC register pair, so we have to put the number in ft into BC. That's easy too:

4F LD C,ft 0600 LD B , 00

Now we're ready to hand control bact to Bfisic, so

C9 RET

Our routine tales up .1+3+2+1+ bytes. Load it in, from to400i@. (For comparison the basic line

90 LET r=n-8+INT(nx8)

tales up 30 bytes!)

Now peel your code, just to be

50 re 9°Uf BRSIC lines are OK and try it out. Mine

•sorted — 1 hope yours does too.

Unfortunately, these explana¬ tions always tate more space than I expect, so the s t a c t wilt have to wait until next month. Rise, congratulations if you' ve managed to get through this article — it was long and hard. Next month's won't be as

odd *

{Machine code Tutorial Part 4 1 I _ Pi ct Scovj t le

soJ'nf discussed

»■ 'L* VKri ISS

c, often used in pairs hl r*F

ber = B?araPf°tu addresses or num- t than 255- Also , there is the register r. thp

accumulator , which has as itc- <r?-«cthe re3ister named F, the

struftfr«St£f-’ uery feuf in¬ structions refer to F dire'-tiu

teeter 1Eonients of F have toybe

tclir,^Si atl the time fwihJLb,ts of F determine how the program will branch.

r r. n f f e ? ?ff,p 1 e £ mi gh t help.

Consider the instruction

FE40 CP 40 "hypo the ti tal¬ ly do ft - 40, and change register F according ly"

The CP stands for "Compare . ” and you should thins, of the Z38 chip as tentatively considering ft - 4-6 (that is. the contents of h minus the number 48, hex of course). I say tentatively be¬ cause after the instruction has been executed, ft is exactly whet it was before — it has not been reduced by 445. But the bits of F have been changed. This is used in instructions such as

CAAA31 UP Z,31flft “jump to

3If¥l i f the zero flag is set"

Of course the “zero flag” is a certain bit of F and mi t i be set Cl) only if ft - 48 equals 0, that is, only if ft equals 4-0. Here are some other conditional instructions

C0 RET HZ “return

(from the call) if not zero"

DC1E03 CftLL C ,031E “if

the carry flag ' has been set , call routine at 03 IE"

F23F12 UP P , 123F "if

ft— 4-0 is posi¬ tive then jump to 123F"

The carry flag mill be set if, roughly speaking, in the calcu¬ lation of ft- 40, you had to “carry." That mill happen oniu if ft is a number less than 40.' The P stands for positive or plus. Similar instructions have H, for negative or minus. The numbers from 00 to 7F (0 to 127, decimal) are considered “posi¬ tive" and the others (from S0 to FF) negative. The positive num¬ bers have binary representations of the form Bxxxxxxx and the neg atives have representations of the form lxxxxxxx. Note that adding FF to a register has the same effect on the register as subtracting l, for instance

40 + FF

In each case, try to mo ft out what will happen. If a condi¬ tion is not me t , the condi¬ tional instruction has no effect and the Z8B goes to the instruc¬ tion following.

So much for the main line of registers B, C, D, E, H, L, ft and F. There are eight more registers B' , C', D', E' , H' ,

L' , ft' and F' . They can be thought of as storage bytes.

For example,

D9 EXX "get the values

Of B' ,C' ,D' ,E' ,H , L ' out of storage and put them in B,c,D,E, H,L , and put the cur rent values of B,C, D,E,H,t_ into stor¬ age-

23 INC HE

09 EXX

The net effect of these three in structions will be to increment the pair H'L' and not change any of the main line registers.

Note that the pair ftF has an ex¬ change instruction of its own — EX OF, ftF'. ftF' a^ans fi'F.

There are two special purpose register pairs SP and PC — no,

SP doesn't stand for special purpose, nor does PC stand for personal computer. SP is the stack pointer and PC is the pro¬ gram counter. The purpose of PC is very clear — to keep track of where the Z8B is supposed to go to execute its next instruction Ordinarily, this will be the in¬ struction following the current one, but what happens in the case of, say.

(1000 C3F010 UP 10F0 ?

The Z80 simply loads PC with the address 10F0 and is ready for the "next" instruction, ftnd where is the “next" instruction? fts always, at the address con¬ tained in PC, so the Z80 success fully makes the jump. But what about this case?

R000 CDF010 CALL 10F0 ft003 47 LD B,ft

3F

ft l though F+4=13 (15+4=19, dec) . the "carried” i of 13 gets dropped. This partially justi¬ fies the terminology plus and minus .

Unfortunately, there is no way of deducing what a particu¬ lar Z80 instruction will do to the flags — you simply have to learn them. Here are some hints that generally hold: LD (load) and UP (jump) don't affect any of the flags; arithmetic-type instructions ADD (add) , SUB csub tract) and logical— type instruc¬ tions OR (or), XOR (exclusive or), RND (and) tend to affect all the flags; instructions in¬ volving register pairs tend not to affect any of the flags.

Here are some examples:

0000 3EF0 ED ft , F8

0002 3C INC ft .

0003, C200R0 UP NZ,ft000

*

ftfter execution of the 3-byte CftLE instruction at (1000 , the next instruction executed should be the one at 10F0. But how will the Z80 "remember” that after it jumps to 10F0 and starts executing there, it is supposed to jump back to R003 Mien it encounters a RET instruc tion? The answer is: before it jumps, i.e., before it changes PC to 10F0, it "puts the return address on the stack."

Suppose, for example, that before the execution of the COLL at 0000, SP contains the address F723 . So the situation looks like this:

in the Z80

PT - niWillff

SP: F723

in memory at

instruc¬

tions

(TlHKJhSyfllJ

IB

DEC DE

A@01

7ft

LD ft,D

A002

B3

OR E

0003

C8

RET Z

*

QUOD

7E

LD ft, (HL)

R001

FE4L6

CP 40

•Hmd

CR620E

UP Z,0E02

0006

23

INC HL

0007

C300R0

UP A000

1123

C9

RET

Daaa

rSwnutP

CD

call

RO01

FB

to -

ft002

10

10F0

ft©63

some

instructr*

F721 . F722

7 F723 F724

« zsb begins work on ine c*s 1 1 instruction at A000

3,. d f c J e ® e n t s SP by

03 dnd F722 th

t? ( to— hi Of course) .

Joel PC ®ith 10F* »nd

that next instruction.

l*?e one at 10F0.

Pntt?.V2? i* GCtCoufllters a RET

MnlS tiSLJlL hap-

sp ft -• at this point

x!*. HZ21' } 11 loads PC with

the numbers at SP and SP+i

namely, «s®@, and i n c r e-

ane^nt J fu SP *** 2- H then Shffh^r ™ next" instruction wh^ch of course is the one at

So, by the tiffie the 280

spewi ifSaJ^r i^istLii^Xion at 0003

nprf^cl™9?in..be F723- It isn't necessary to erase-* the con-

Je?^Sc° f T721 and F?22- They

nlti f ly be overwritten the

??Ube„stac* »tic* ILSIL

downward as address -

rt i £ on (Ufben there are

LI* Calls, for example)

^]rlLlSnalUia^ LIFO: the last

thc tatest “•*««

7rbY?« can instruct the

Z80 to put addresses (or any

tween 0000 and FFFF) thettypetaCt Via instroctions of

F5

PUSH

PUSH

etc.

HE

ftF

In the first case, SP will be

♦ t^jjb9 2 and the «emory fPots at addresses SP and SP+i

^ , loaded with the contents of l and H.

e»aT?UJ.aic something off the stack by popping" it: - — _

Di

POP CHE

Will load DE Wi th number at the bot stack and change ly. Perversely, call what is the stack, the “top" Anyway, they are ring to the most to the stack.

Note that the tions

the 2-byte tom of the SP appropriate- some people bottom of the of the stack, always re fee - recent addition

pair of instruc

PUSH HL POP DE

(6.29)

(5.71)

has exactly the same effect as

LD D,H LD E,L

(2.29)

(2.29)

Sul the execution times shown

Jl2«Silfl0nths of seconds, micro seconds) are rather different.

I am assuming that our 2068

run at 1.75 HHz , which I believe 1 s correct.

PHONEBOOK

by Guy Qua 1 1 »

l hfvt tried » couple of tiees to get this prograe to *1 by holding the receiver up to the computer’* speaker each ties it aleott autosatically dial* for ee but quite. I think I need * little amplifier to take the tig stronger. See what you can do with it. It is devi nonetheless.

1 PRINT y to start 5 SOUND 9 CLS : like me to

10 CLS :

11 IF X*= ch number":

12 IF x*< 15 PRINT 20 FOR f= 30 PRINT

Hi t any ke

" PHONEBOOK : PAUSE 0 7, 56; 8,0; 9,0 INPUT “who would you dial"; ' b$ : RESTORE READ x$,a$ r " THEN PRINT "no su PAUSE 100: GO TO 9

>b* THEN GO TO 10 X*

1 TO LEN a$

a$cn

- I

35 IF a$(f) =“p"

THEN

PAUSE 1

&

40 IF a$(f)="i" 20: 60 SUB 1068

THEN

GO

SUB

IB

50 IF a$(f ) =‘*2" 20: GO SUB 1078

THEN

GO

SUB

m

60 IF a$ ( f ) =“3” 20: GO SUB 1888

THEN

GO

SUB

IB

70 IF a*(f)="4" 38: 60 SUB 1060

THEN

GO

SUB

16

80 IF a$ ( f ) =“5" 30 : 60 SUB 1078

THEN

GO

SUB

16

90 IF a*(f)=“6" 30: 60 SUB 1080

THEN

GO

SUB

16

100 IF a$ ( f ) =“7" 40: 60 SUB 1060

THEN

GO

SUB

16

110 IF a*(f)=“8" 40: 60 SUB 1078

THEN

GO

SUB

16

120 IF a*(f)=“9" 40 : 60 SUB 1080

THEN

GO

SUB

16

130 IF a$Cf)="0"

THEN

GO

SUB

10

50; 60 SUB 1078: PAUSE

2

PAUSE 60

200 PAUSE 3 210 SOUND 8,0; 9,0 220 PAUSE 1

998 NEXT f: PRINT

999 GO TO 1 1020 SOUND 0,153; 1,0; 8, 15 1025 RETURN

1030 SOUND 0,143; 1,0; 6, 15 1035 RETURN

1040 SOUND 0,130; 1,0; 8, 15 1045 RETURN

1050 SOUND 0,117; 1,0; 8, 15 1055 RETURN

1060 SOUND 2,91; 3,0; 9, 15 1065 RETURN

1070 SOUND 2,83; 3,0; 9, 15 1075 RETURN

1080 SOUND 2,75; 3,0; 9, 15 1085 RETURN

2000 DOTH "syntax", "16174563661" 2010 DATA “doug” , "19199293079" 2020 DATA "guy" , “18062963389“

99TO D SrS “2222222222"

9999 SftUE "PHONEBOOK " LINE 1

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by A X a n Por

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§ft TO TO 3 -H O JC k O k ft ft TO k TO

a > k TO TO TOC k ft -H

TO k O

ft M «

w*hO k > Pm TO *H TO (P ft k TO f? to TO ip J2 TO (Q O ft ft

k

TO

TO O 00

C

ft TO

rH

£

£ CO

O

k id

TO

3

Q TO

TO 3

U

k

£ » £

(0

ft

TO

TO TO-H

*o

» k

k

k

to £ fH

£

O

O TO ip P rt rt 3 TO TO rt O 3 TO TO

TO

.C

ft

o

C

TO

tJ

C

TO

TO

6 k o rt ft vp .. k a o O' C © oo • OOc W

k e -h to S

a TO rH £ M o ®0 *H Ex »fH ChrH D ft

k ft a k £ O' o

k

- o

0 *»X «P k ft

a to 3

k £ £ ft TO rt X £

TO rX C x- *H TO ft TO rt 3 C 3 TO

a

ft

O-H

•H x- k H rH CM

TO k 0**0

k TO TO C £

C rt -H TO O *H D ft ft rH k -r £ «

W -H ft

TO

a

TO

*o

C

TO

TO

k

O -x

<0

TO

JZ

ft

k

S’

TO

£

ft

K

TO

£

£

•H

ft

m

co

ft

u

TO

£

TO

•O

£

TO

<n a •O me C <H O O 0 *H Ex <*> *H x— » p O o ft O rX TO O O TO xr xr k 00 k tH rH ft c vo ft n •H rH rt X TO C

•H

Pm

C

TO

TO

M

O

CO

0

ft

a

3

C

TO

ft

C

O

o

TO C^-O TO PC k

H— M

xr o

vo ro ip rH CM

*

TO 0 M ft

3 *0 TO JQ TO £ £ k 3 O ft

a TO TO ®a rt ft TO «fta©TO*H3-H

ke *o « sgogfooH

a » to o* o> 9 k oak

k TO CCTOkrHrHC a*D x^ ip

TOfHkxH-HrHTO'rt‘0 £ rt TO O

O >UQ TOftAft TO k B k TO cm to £ ft0TO«C»TOM£ft«0 CM -H k

'H3-HTO.HU®Ck«PTO I <XJTOa a k p rH k 0) 0 O' rH ON O Xt

<N *H TO a Ip TO C k O O O' XI TO TO £

x44>q >TOO P £ TO rt rH £ 3

OOrt TO TO TO TO TO P CM *H xH TO X3

TO M kk £ kkCTOO

kftTOOOkTO<PftTO*H*Hft

o-Hftkio « g o a >h m ex

» ft TO HX TO-H ft

k Jwe *o TO k ft M X A > U<H0TO0*H£TO3003 TO M TOrHft£TOaTOfta®TOrtftX<

® _ ft £ ft "O C TO O p -h pq m k

CftCft«TO5BCW3 ft O' M O W ft

2 °

TO CO ®

CP

k

TO

*o a

0«-H 1

i ft

rH TO *C

0

£ CM

k

to a

e *h <

TO

JQ rH TO £

k

o

0

TO p

TO M xr *|

& rt TO x-r k

8

k

TO ra B D TO TO < PS a TO U *0 PM X rH CM k a rH

•H W IP £ 0 TO

rH *£ O *H k » TO 0 ft

TO *0 C TO

£ TO *H a rt

O O JC **X o

Ch

TO O £ TO

3 <C *H ' H

£ ft xr ft 58 rH

k D

TO ft ft TO « ft

3 TO ft * »

O W rH

ft ft ft C TO k O O «0 tX X TO ft

Jh TO X

>i £

TO C

n to

£ rH TO A k tX O' rt „ 0 H

3 M *0 TO k >

ffi £ TO O' a £

TO h-HCC -ri

£ H » rH *H *H £

•x w h w h ao*o

rX H « O *r« TO

«— (5* k ft O ft X

„ TO

. . rt TO £ TO Q rt £ WftPSTO*rXrt£TOkx:OTO*H 3 3* PS C TO*H»D TOftrHWrH O x-. o p xi TO rt pc i ao* o ft M c ft TO ©0» TO3UOK O' ft vt co £0 *h TO

TO ® >1 ft ft *D ft 25 W©TOOC£TOft*H*rX,V.

co a x ft *h -h w a « k

0>£TOk££X;x:OTO-

k0Op400U«EiWHUU0WP«k»ap<Pi«0*£H0PikPik«piii5<i3H«TO5i£ftIxtt£

0-H*Hp0ft0TO«C0kk0*H«00*H*0QCTO03

TO O' TO £ rH TO O

G TO C TO £ TO-H k a

kk-HC-HMkCft TOOft-H Ua-Hrt x

*0 (0 £ H TO £ ft

£ -H TO £ ft *D O £ TOkkUrtTOrtTOBTO 3 TO rH U TO k 3 *D » O £ ft

TO CO 0 TO MX TO

O' -H O' O ft

TO *0 ft TO «

10 H -H rt >1

n a in to *o £

TO TO O TO 0

k ft to a TO rt TO CP TO 0 £ x^ rH £ < £ ft *H U O « O ft </V *H

m >»*o ft to

O' TO -H *H

rt *o c x a w c

in o

VO rH ON rH

f'f VO fx. O' I I I I I

fH || i HtMinuJOoo

i cHxrvocoosnooinocooNOrHfHmxrmrxooooocMmxr voaooNfMrMCMoimfr>xrmmrxrxrxooaocoaoooooooo>HHrHHrXH

in

xr

© rH CM CH XT o

o

MlUhlflMn vo oo ao on ov m

l l I I I I O' rHCOinvOOOOOVOOON

mmmmvofx-ooo'O'oah

V

LOCK AND MAKE A COPY . POKE 18675,62 then GOTO 9000 PROGRAM LOCK 18675 48F3-48FE POKE 18675,62

(TO REARM)

(CD

(0£) (03) (01) (05) (06) (07) (06) ! 0 g l (10) e 1 1 )

( 12 )

CODE CD NT COPY C IN

FAST /SLOW

FOR /NE >T 00 SUE /RETURN GOTO

graphic

IF /THEN INKEYf

»

^ i

HWKSSSi

NUMBER)

INPUT 1:

LEN 1

i-ET |

•— ok. w J V!v.

j! T5T

i- W -k w' t %y.

LOAD p L PRINT II NEW m NOT II OR P

PR USE i PEEK p PLOT H POKE §§:

pr.Tj.jT $$

PfiWD I? REM 1

u'

HATH

T

IGONOME NOTIONS T INCLU HE HA NSTRfi

3BS

TO

&■- OKE CL .0 S GOTO T+P S IF As >=‘'4.7"

A*="1S" THEN LET fi*="3£"

£*ND P.$ < s,!50

i »

L*!

«m * 1 ■’m‘, Cl ‘ I

13

— ; ; fi ~

IS IF §*!«*§" fi* = "C£''

;6 “ THEN ~LET 4*4l* ^ °* **

.r ■— • Th£w

then then

thIn

M < 1 MM . ^ —

14

*5 CT

IP H$ = IP A*. IF H$ s

T nr

T »*

w* -L

4-5"

, . __ 36"

It

17

'8

4-6

R*="2£"

LET A $ = ' £'C ” LET fit ="34" LET fi$ a "4.0 •• LET A$x‘‘2i” LET AS ="30"

THEN

PS ="69" THEN LET AS="12"

^ O TP

^ .to Zilm » 1. T' ~ * * i imm v % 4-. C. f Hi-" " p "

If REtSIn 55" THEN LET

£4 §0 = B5UroDE!=,"'-'"31E74''^:aOCK £g PRINT at 't+dV, _ _

c6 RAND USR UAL "16514."

=7 POKE CL i 0 x

5§ IF U =U*Y THEN GOTO T 4.= £9 RETURN u a T + -

30 RAND USR J 6F RAND USR 16767

'• *

OR

ptlNT AT t*p q- “j

<H< MENU

4-u RAnD. USR 15.4.24.

4-5 POKE CL , U ah bdtmt .-.-r T +0 , R; "j

!>» •

LL ) L 1ST

(Input nu

|0 INPUT As

N GOTOFYLCN **>W CR LEN fi*<U THE

60 X R P 0 T' F £j £ T /v T n mm.

>I*R+P then GOTO y' UR C0DE **

ft|JUi>I*g+P THEN * G0T0+Y °* C0DE it FASTHL fi*;V+0 THEN GOTO Y

?! If §}:::&;: then let ?Ss.8,. 76 GOSiil K THEN uET fi5*"06"

T9 L|t'a*UAL A$*U+U+ =-

60 GOSUB U+t + a l + 1'

81 605UB A-5

| 9 GOSUB P*Y-S

Su&UB P *v ^ j

61 GOSUB U+T+5

§5 uutUE X

66 GOTO A

90 PRINT AT Tj-0 £>••

91 RETURN f+C!'G*

96 PRINT A*

94. PRINT A*

95 RETURN

97 PRINT AT Tj-0 O "

9t PRINT AT U*P Q- 9U RETURN

161 PRINT at

T + 0,0; •* y*P., 0;

4 «

+ 0 , G ; 11

PRESS chi

1 0 £ Rh N D U Sk 'i6aS =

103 IF INK Fv * — "M" WT^iCr.

104. FAST' "£ M THEN GOTO T+R

a05 l-OTu CODE 11 ^

iei mg. «r'u,i«o^

: j!7 .. P£ I^T AT R + 0 , U* P: . flT L-

,HE -+P'"..«*SBiEiia"..TAB S4P -".

106 PRINT A

T*n • *i “ —

AB 6; " _

tab t-OjS

,.10S PRINT AT T -0 , R; "

110 return

7 J J RAND USA UR! "iccc, „ i ^ r c-pti in-fv 1dS54

TO TOM MM. _

?»e *MMT fiT T-I.K;", press eNTe

U !

1£1 RETURN

L ET HsJ NT i c / oep a ♦

fc^T L H £56#h

POKE F -f j i . i 130 POKE F4U H

135 LET L=C0DE

136 RETURN 14-0 GOSUB G

ftp CODE (

1^^ FOR Ns 2 tq

^‘HND USR UAL “167©^“

^ **■ r». rf «\ 4,1 I !^L‘ 1 |P, 7 s

14-5 NEXT N -’b

115 PRINT AT r^n q

««

= P TQ STAR

** UL

PRESS fn

119 RAND USR E-S-T 15i. RAND USR E L w 1 X P IN K Fv t •Mr" toj-m.

IBS COSUB^C ’C THEN CORY 1E3 RETURN

ll? RETUR„ftT U+u'°-

267 Wfli- -lesee-

1T0 PRINT at T 40 ,0; "MR

175 RETURN ITS PRINT AT T4C,0,"

IT? RETURN

15© PRINT AT T +0 , 0; "J

NPUT NUH

LNPU" NAM

USR U

Iff RETURN 165 RAND U 159 RETURN

2 If tF^T *T U , 0 ; or'1 IF **•"«■• then print fiT 0

195 RETURN

A-t;-’ PRINT AT R , p ; -j

HOLD

19 < rtUNi

199 RETURN 103 LET E a S 4

PRESS AN

n

1

AND

I

ifxth

m

tftL.LT CAN

£ 12 GOSUB X £15 LET N =1S £17 GOSUB X ££0 LET 1=5

V TOTO* TOTOk (to \ I •*, » i K |

WWW W W Wf W W' /%

223 PRINT

225 IF N=18 AND 1=5 THEN PRINT

•fiBBEa"

££? GOSUB X

£30 IF N = 1 £ AND 1=5 THEN PRINT

r5 ■ ■

£3£ GOSUB X

£65 IF N=12 OP 1=5 THEN PRINT "

aHB3

237 GOSUB X

IF

N

INT "|

E1E GOSUB X

£45 IF ” NOT N = 12 AND NOT 1=7 THE

510 PEM S

_ _L5: CLEARS THE SCREEN

UITHOLT CHANGING UP<P TABLE

612 GOSUB X _

615 let A$="®aaae@ar

617 GOSUB X

619 GOTO UAL "6E1"

620 GOSUB THINKING

621 PRINT A*; AT P+W K +R .; A* .; AT K 4P: ,T+U ; A$ ; AT k+R . S; R$; AT R+0..T+P .; A $ : AT S +U ,P i A $ • RT K , U ; A $ AT U *K . S 4-R ; R $

624 GOSUB X

625 CLS

626 GOSUB L

f, :>c i r;nc.!:p; y

630 PRINT AT 10;©;"A$ STILL EOU ALS " ; At ; AT 15.0; “(UAP I. APE NOT AFFECTED BY CLS) "

N PRINT "iHlgfliar

700

LET B=^

247 GOSUB X

702

RETURN

250 LET B $ = “CRT S s‘

710

BfTM

Imto, ( X

£52 GOSUB X

w m) w

LET A$="D0GS"

CLEAR CLEARS ALL LET. DEFINES UAP I ABLE

257 GO 5 US X

260 IF B*oR* PND 6 $ < fi $ THEN P R I^4T " RHIMPLS *’

265 GOTO U 300 LET BsK 302 RETURN 310 REM

712 GOSUB X

715 LET B$ = "D0GS*1

AT Jy TAB USED TO PR I TO SPED IF XC SCREE N POINTS

IP r^ric,{?B v

X CL w www /

^ *». r~,

t W mmf

r» Cl-

725

» M> «'

£fi

GOSUB X 720 LET H = 75 722 GOSUB X 725 PRINT Bt GOSUB X 738 PRINT M GOSUB X LET Et="748"

m'

1 "l

715 LET Rfs"!

217 GOSUB X

22C PRINT RT 20,20; R*

321 GOSUB L

322 GO SUE X

325 PRINT RT 7,4;R$

326 GOSUE L

327 GOSUE X’

330 PRINT RT 5 . IS; fi$; RT 4 ,0; R$; RT 19 ,0; R$ , RT 13,24; R$ woi GQC’UC* l.

332 GOSUE X 335 CLS

r,nc.!IP: 5

W M? W W W W W W M

337 GOSUE X

340 PRINT TRE 0,R*

341 GOSUE L 742 GHSME y

345 PRINT TRE 7;R$

346 GOSUE L

347 GOSUE X

350 PRINT TRE 20; R$

't-ercr. r- r-,~r r* i i

■w* W W W W » W w*

400 LET BsUtU 402 RETURN 410 REM

BREAk ; USED TO ESCAPE 10 PPDG&ah

734 G QT 0 K ♦ ♦ P 4-P -f I

735 CLERR GOSUE X

• w »

736 GOSUB R*U+Y+I 7 3 9 G OT 0 R * U + Y - K

740 PRINT E $

741 GOSUE L

742 GOSUE X

743 GOSUE R*U+Y+I

744 GOTO URL ,,746t’

745 PRINT M

/ 5 cl *v? w j l.1 u ■7FF PHKP p: Q

760 PRIOT RT T+P , 0; M2 /“ ; E$ 763 PRINT RT K +K + (6$ = r,745 ' (ERROR 2 - UNDEFINED URRIRBL.E

765 LET B $ = ’*745 "

766 POKE CL , U

767 R ET U R N

. u ;

770 GOSUE X

S00 602 i

LET

RETU

B=R

RN

618

REM j

CODE . IS THE CODE NO. H

OF ‘

THE

FIRST "BYTE IN A STRING !

C A

D xc.

615

G05U

LET

B X

R$ = ’’TREES'*

4 a /*. r> » t r*r .

ic L?‘J S 'w‘ E _ A

x rr p ir m

•r w W tw

YOU DISH TD TCP RT A PRpTICiJLAR POINT-

417 GOSUE v. 420 REM

r

FCr^np MILL

422 GOSUB X

424 GOTO URL '*431”

425 GOSUE INFINITE LOOP

431 PRINT RT T .0; “NOTE- YOU MU5 T PRESS BREAK RND THEN EN

TER ** ’‘GOTO 43!

It «» vs

617 GOSUB X 620 PRINT A$. .CODE A$ 622 GOSUB X 825 LET A$= "BUSHES” S27 GOSUE X 83© PRINT A$, CODE A$ 632 GOSUB X 635 REM S

10DE 15 ALWAYS A NUHBE BETWEEN 0 -2S5L=XT CAN BE USED IN EXPRESSIONS- :

637 GOSUB X

640 IF CODE R*=39 THEN PRINT ,,PLR^^^TS,,

- 1

432 4 33

f*. r*. "*r *

KHi N i

PR INT

PT

kH i

S , 5 ; "WKWaglg

w » IBHBhbHBHhbbmmc

652

900

G OT 0 U LET B=h

4 34

r. a-.

f «, t v * 1 ;

W W' * w

\ ip;

V “m

•* A

902

RETURN

442 GOTO U 500 LET B sP +w 502 RETURN 510 REM

910 REM

CONTs-WILL ALOW YOU T

CHR<; .GIUES CHARACTER - OF ©IUEN NUMBER

512 GOSUE X

515 PRINT CHR $ 151, CHR* 136

2* « #*\ rr % % jr- v

• ; 1 ! . i ^ j

520 IF CHR t S="l" THEN PRINT

’flSBSl"

523 GOSUE X 525 CLS 527 GOSUE X

529 GOTO UAL "531"

530 GOSUB DEMO

PRINTS CHARACTER SET

531 GOSUE CODE "CODE "

533 LET E=Q

536 PRINT CHR* B;

LET B=B+0 RAND USR E 539 IF B=K*R THEN LET B=C0DE

917 GOSUB X

918 LET END=Y*T-Y 92© LET A=1

922 GOSUB X

923 IF A=T-U THEN PRINT AT T+0. G;"*FULL* ENTER ""CONT"" TO CONt INUE"

REPEPT

Rs" ; p

. _ i

w w-

rcp,

V W V

IF E=U+L+0 THEN GOTO U 550 GOTO I*U+I*R 600 LET 6=1 602 RETURN

c

925 PRINT

926 IF A =T -U THEN PRINT AT U + U . Q ; "a jaasii A=";A

927 GOSUB X 930 LET A = A + 1 932 GOSUB X

935 IF A= 19 THEN GOTO END

937 GOSUB X _

946 rbm HHKggaaiai3aiaiaj=!?!g^<gie

941 POKE E+R*K+I,T+I

942 GOSUB X

943 GOTO UAL "922"

945 GOTO 925

95S LET A=K*U+S 963 GOTO U

1000 LET E=U+U 100E RETURN 1010 REM

_ „ COPY: PRINTS ft CDPY OF

E SCREEN ON THE PRINTER

1C 12

1013

1014 10 IE

,% r, i :c, v LET U=I

GOTO URL "10 17”

GO SUE OPENING PRESS ENTER TO COPY 1017 GOSUE I

1020 COPY

1021 GOSUE L

1022 POKE F+0.0

1023 POKE F+U.U+U

1024 GOSUE X 102E CL 5

1042 LET U = U*Y

1043 GOTO U 1047 GOSUE X 1100 LET BsP +1 1102 RETURN 111© REM

0 XM : -• U ILL DIMENSION ft UPPIRE_E TtJT.0 fiN RPPPY >

M * A l»

1 i XCL

GOSUE

X

1113

GOTO

URL " i

1115

DIM X

$ ( 3 .. 5 )

1117

GOSUE

X

1116

GOSUE

X +7

1119

GOSUE

L

112©

INPUT

X $ ( i }

1122

GOSUE

y * *

*4 w

INPUT

X$ (2)

1127

GOSUE

X

113©

INPUT

X $ (3)

1131

GOSUE

CODE

1132

GOSUE

L

1133

GOSUE

X

1135

PR INT

X$ (33

1137

GOSUE

X

1140

PRINT

X $ ( 2 )

1142

GOSUE

X

1145

PRINT

x$ (13

1146

GOTO

U

120©

LET B

sR-C

1202

RETURN

1210

REM m

FAST. /

'S

UMlOH CONTROL' OTSPI gy + SPEED

1212

GOSUE

X

1215

SLOW

lop

GOSUE

X

1219

GOTO

URL *•

1221"

1220

GOSUE

PRINT

1221

GOSUE

URL

"9500

1222

GOSUE

X

1225

CL 5

X SL -mi

GOSUE

L

1227

5 LOU

1226

GOSUE

X

1230

FAST

1231

SLOW

■ »

4C ww

GOSUE

X

1233

FAST

1234

GOTO

URL M

a rm. +. r it

JLeuO

1235

GOSUE

PRINT

1236

GOSUE

URL

"9500

1237

SLOW

1236

GOTO

U

1290

PRINT

1300

LET B

=R

1302

RETURN

TftTEMENT STEP CONTPOLL UfiLU

CON PUT' EPF

s

nnSi i

1312 GOSUE X 1315 LET fi* = "|

1317 GOSUE X 13 IE GOSUE CODE _

1319 PRINT PIT T-I,U; ” (ENTER STEP URULE 1 TO 101"

1320 INPUT ST

1321 CLS

1322 GOSUE L

1323 IF ST >S OR ST <0 THEN GOTO U RL "1320"

1324 GOSUE X

1325 PRINT "STEP =";5T 1328 GOSUE X

1330 FOR N = 1 TO 10 STEP ST 1332 GOSUE X 1335 PRINT ft*

- - - 7 POKE E +R *K + 1 , S

- :• (jOSUE X

rjf3 NEXT N * ' w w GOT 0 U 1400 LET B=P+I 1402 RETURN 14 1-1*

1412 GOSUE X

hpl "PROGRAM 141/ GOSUE X

142© PRINT £■$

r

1422

1425

1426

1427 1426

1429

1430 14 32

1435

1436

1437 1435

1439

1440 1442 1445 1452 1455

1465

1466 1470 1472 14 75

1476

1477

1478

1479

1480 1600 1602 1610

GOSUE X PRINT E$

GOSUE X LET B=U

LET RsURL "1470" .

GOTO Pi-I GOSUE 1470 GOSUE X PRINT E $

GOSUE X*. i_ET 6 = 0

LET ftsURL "1470"

GOTO R-I GOSUE 1470 GOSUE X

PRINT "END OF "jB*

LET RsURL "1410"

GOTO U GOSUE U+T+S GOSUE PRINT GOSUE PRINT GOSUE X

LET RsURL "1435"+ (6=0) *S

GOSUE U+T+S

GOTO R-P

RETURN

LET E=P

RETURN

BCM

” W V :

THIS -15 R GRAPHIC « T RATION. ,

? ubpolti N

V

/%

II «• II

*

N MACHINE language

1612 GOSUE X

1615 REM _

1617 GOSUE X 1620 RftND USR 18588 1622 GOTO U 1600 LET B=R

1602 RETURN _

1810 REM

INKEY*. RETURNS THE ,‘RLUE OF KEY EE INC- PRESSED

1612

1615

1616

1617 S+U

RK) "

1618 KEY

1819

1620

1821

1622

1625

1626 1627

1629

1630

1631

1632 1635

GOSUE X FOR N = 1 TO 5 GOSUE X

PRINT RT R+Q , S+P "|

RT

, S +P ; "

(EXCEPT ERE

PRINT RT U+0,0;’* < PRESS RNY TO PRINT LINE > ”

RRND USR URL "16767"

PRINT RT 10,15; tNKEY*

POKE E+R*K+I,S GOSUE X NEXT N

LET RsURL ”1630"

GOSUE U+T+S GOSUE X Ci s

GOSUE L

GOSUE X _

REM

INKEY $ IS OFTEN USED IN IF /THEN STATEMENTS

1636 GOSUE X 1837 PRINT RT U+0,0;" < PRES

"C"“ TO PRINT LINE )

( S3S RRND USR URL "16787" V.839 PRINT

1640 IF INKEY * a "C" THEN PRINT

£ t •

M

amsoaE

1641 LET R=URL "1610"

1642 GOTO U 2200 LET 6=1 2202 RETURN

221©

■aaatisT y llist

: BOTH U5EI

LISTING.; PROGRAM

i

3

2212 GOSUE X.

2213 PRINT 2215 LIST 9500 2217 GOSUE X 2220 CLS

2222 GOSUE X 2225 REM

I llet ui

LL LlSft- OUT Pi

w -

z

x

2240 LLIST 9500 225© GOTO U

2400 LET E=P

2401 RETURN 241© REM

LORD : USED TO TPANSFE D Q R ft Mr FROM —RPC

LDft

WRITTEN

241£ GOSUE X 24 IF CFH

LORD'"" or LORD "RNv word 2416 PRINT RT S+U , 0 ; "THIC. £.=•?• |j-L NOT STOP BY " , "ITSELF , Y 5 . Si PRESS EREftK" . " THEN GOTO " ,TRE I;"

2416 GOSUE X 242© LORD ""

2425 GOTO U 2500 LET E=U 2502 RETURN

ID U ,1 MU

LLPPINT ; rm SAME PS PhlNT BUT Pftltrre. on THE PftT

2510 REM

£m -mi Jb w.

25 15

UUP US X

LR'RINT "I

2517 GOTO U 2600 LET B=P+0 2602 RETURN 2610 REM

2612 GOSUE X '615 REM

1

i

mm i m

ILL ERASE YOUR

»> : VJ

PCS PftM

l - 1 ■ ■

t

2617 GOSUE X 2620 REM

C PROGRAM UIL

2622 GOSUE X

2623 GOTO URL "2626"

2525 NEU

2626 CLS

2627 FOR N=0 TO T

2626 N F v*t kj

2629 PRINT RT R+K ,P; “YOU JU*T ER RRSED”,TR5 P, "THE ENTIRE PROGRAM

« • »

263© FOR N=K TO T

2631 NEXT N

2632 PRINT RT T +0 , P ; "|

ft TO RECCUER

2634 RRND USR E

2635 GOSUE G

2636 GOTO 0

2900 LET E=S

2901 RETURN

PRESS ENT

2910 REM i

PAUSE; USED F

r0P TIMER i

HNl> PRQr-

RAM IfOTERUPT S

r

1

2915 PRINT "ENTER R TIMING INTER

URL"

, " (1 TO

i 400

2917

GOSUE

X

2920

INPUT

N

C‘ Ci C *“> c?cc

GOSUE

X

2525

PRINT

N

2927

GOSUE

X

2929

GOSUE

K^S

2930

PRUSE

N

2931

GOSUE

U-R

2933

GOSUE

x

2935

REM SB

5' if jtyi -gj

2936 GOSUE U-P 2936 GOSUE X 2940 LET M=1 2942 GOSUE X

2944 GOSUE K+S

2945 IF M=i THEN PRUSE N

2946 GOSUE U-R

2949 GOSUE X

2950 REM

PftU5E_.40000 is FQREC ft mm IS PRESSED

295 1 GOSUE U-P 2RF7 GOSUE X

* 2954 PRINT RT T+0 , 0 ;" (PRESS ENTE R TO BRERK PAUSE ) “

2955 PRUSE 40O30 2957 GOTO U S' * 000 LET B = S l 001 RETURN 3010 REM

3012 GOSUE X 3015 PRINT PEEK 16653 3017 GOSUE X 3020 POKE 16653,61 3022 GOSUE X 3025 PRINT PEEK 16653 3027 GOSUE X

3©3© REM j

BOTH

CRN 5E USED IN

ONS. v

r

!

X

3032 GOSUE 3035 PRINT PEEK 16365+256 +PEEK 1 6369

3037 GOSUE X 303S RRND

3040 IF fi*="29" THEN POKE 16653, 20

3042 GOSUE Z

PEEKED NUMBER IS ftLURY EETWIEEN 0-255 . . . NUMBER POKED

itj is also bstkueen 0-255

3047 GOSUE Z

3050 ‘REM . .

3051 GOSUE Z 3055 PRINT PEEK INT 1

3062 GOTO U 3100 LET 6=5+0 3102 RETURN

EEr: ft PfiNDOM P DOPES

<RND*32©0©3 +

r

ftLOT/UNPLOT ; USED UN ‘ Y ■RftPHS AND PlOTING to the scpee

3110 REM

BHSGEBK1

112 GOSUE X oll5 LET M=0 3117 GOSUE X 3120 FOR N=10 TO 15 3122 GOSUE X 3125 PLOT N , M 3127 GOSUE X

3130 LET H=M+2

3131 IF H CURL "22“ THEN POKE E+R *K+I .S+I

3134 GOSUE X

3135 NEXT N 3137 GOSUE X 3140 LET M=0 3142 GOSUE X

3145 FOR N=i© TO 15 3147 GOSUE X 315© UNPLOT N , M 3152 GOSUE X

3155 LET M=M+2

3156 IF M < 22 THEN POKE E+R*K. + I,S + 1

3157 GOSUE X 3160 NEXT N 3165 GOTO U 3170 STOP- 3300 LET B=S+P 3302 RETURN 3310 REM

ARE USE

PRINT , ; ” " “ : ALL

TO PRINT TO THE SCREE

3;

C

3312 GOSUE X

3315 PRINT "TS/1000"

3317 GOSUE X

3320 PRINT "TS/1000", . TS/1000”

• i it

j322 GOSUB X 3325 PRINT 12 + 12 332? GOSUB X

333© PRINT “ 12+12“ , 12 + 12

3331 GOSUB X _ _

3335 REM

PRINT :.U ILL RL50 PRINT UftPIRBLES YHfOPDS + NUMBERS)

3337 GOSUE X 334© REM

INPUT/-;: USED TO ENTER NUMBERS TO ft PROGR

Bffi

3342 GOSUE X.

3343 GOSUE CODE "gS"

3344 PRINT RT R.O;

3345 INPUT R $

3347 GOSUE X

3346 GOSUE CODE "g" 3350 INPUT N

1 GOSUE CODE

w w w -«U

w* wa ■— 1 w‘

«<►. jet — > »

W w' 'mi I

3352 PRINT RT R+0.0;

GOSUE X PRINT R$ . N GOSUE X 3360 PRINT A $ : R $ , N ; N 3362 GOSUE X

3365 PRINT N : " *" ; N ; " = " ; N*N 3367 GOSUE X

3370 PRINT "DO YOU UNDERSTAND PR INT NOU?".fi*

3587 GOTOU 340© LET B=R+I 3403 RETURN 341© REM

AND ft SEED FOR RND ftND ft USEFUL HPCHINE CODE STfi

3412 GOSUE Z 3415 REM

■if

3417 GOSUE Z 3420 LET N=525 3422 GOSUE Z 3425 REM I

IT M RftND SET TO NUMBE

L NOT PftNDO^CZ^

3427 GOSUE Z 3430 RRND N 3432 GOSUE Z

3434 RRND N

3435 PRINT INT ND+10) +1

3437 GOSUE Z 344© RRND 0 3442 GOSUE Z

CRND*10) +1, INT (R

3445 REM 1

WITH fiftND SET TO ZEPO

i U ILL.

RANDOMIZE

3450 PRINT INT (RND+10) +1 . IN ND+10) +1 3452 GOSUE X

3455 CLS

3456 GOSUE L

3457 GOSUE X

346© REM _

3462 GOSUE X

3463 GOSUE G

3464 GOSUE U+T

3465 RRND USR 16514 3487 GOTO U 350© LET B=K 3502 RETURN

(R

ft MACHINE CODE CR

D€HO

TS COMPUTER

>5517 GOSUB X 3520 REM IT DDES NOT _ PROGRAM

3522 GOSUE X

3525 REM TIMER ROUTINE 3527 GQSUB X

3529 GQSUB K*S

3530 PAUSE 135

3531 GOSUB U-R

3532 GOSUE X

-*£22 GOSUB X - ‘

PRINT fi$j LEN fi$ 4227 GOSUB X

PRINT B $ , LEN B t 4232 GOSUB X 4235 PRINT fi$(l TO 2) 4237 GOSUB X

424© PRINT B*(l TO 2)

4242 GOSUE X

4245 REM MB3EBIHWEE

4247 GOSUB X _

425© REM

3536 GOSUB X

3540 REM E£RND^ (YlS?V

3542 GOSUB X

3543 GOSUB URL '■111"

3544 GOSUB U+T

3545 RAND USR 16514

3546 GOSUE URL "111"

3547 GOSUB X

3546 GOSUB URL "111" 3549 GOSUB U+T 355© LET N=USR 16514 3560 GOTO U 360© LET B=I 3602 RETURN

4255 LET A**" 1205"

4257 GOSUB X

4260 PRINT "R*= . ;A*; .

4262 GOSUB X

4255 PRINT R$+fi$,URL R$+URL Rf 4267 GOSUB X

4270 PRINT URL fi*(3 TO ) *UfiL R$ ( 3 TO )

4272 GOSUE X

4275 LET R$=STR$ 1©0©

ap~?~> gnsuE v

4260 PRINT 15 NOU . .

SRUE " " OR SR 3615 PRINT RT S+I.Q 5 SEC DEMO SRUE ) " 3617 GOSUB X 36 IS GOTO URL "3621 362© SRUE "SHORT TE

3621 RAND USR URL "

3622 SLOW

3623 GOSUB X

5215 PRINT 5*2+7 ,5* (2+7)

5217 GOSUB X

522© PRINT 5*5*5, (10-5) * (25/ SOR 25)

5222 GOSUB X

5225 PRINT 5 **2.5* *3

5227 GOSUB X

B23© PRINT 125 /25 /5 . 125 / ( 25 / 5232 GOSUB X 5235 PRINT PI.INT PI 5237 GOSUB X

B24© PRINT -((PEEK 16404+256 K 16405) -16509) +16364; " BYTE FT"

5245 GOTO U

9001 SRUE "g"

9002 RRND USR 16675 =*=•! k©C. *

9099 GOTO 0 _ • _ __

9500 REM =**WWg3Il

9505 PRINT

9510 FOR N=1 TO 64 9520 PRINT "B“ ;

9530 NEXT N 9550 RETURN

3650 GOTO U 3900 LET 6=R 3902 RETURN

3915 FOR N= 1 TO 5 3917 GOSUB X 3920 PRINT RT 20.0; 3922 GOSUB X S925 SCROLL

3929 GOSUB X

3930 SCROLL

3933 POKE E+R*K+I,T

3934 GOSUB X

3935 NEXT N

3935 LET R=URL "394 3937 GOSUB U+T+S

3936 GOSUB X 3940 CLS

'941 LET fir URL "391 J945 GOTO U 410© LET BrR-0 4102 RETURN 4110 REM Eii3IK!ll

4116 POKE URL "1641 4119 GOTO URL "4121 412© STOP

4121 PRINT RT T.P;" R"" TO RESTRRT) "

4122 PRINT RT T+W,0

4123 GOSUB L

4124 GOSUB X

4125 REM BSBSasares

ENTE Ralph Colitti, Mho hu publiihtd hn last niw»l*tt»r tfiue to illness), has always been one of the great forces in the American Sinclair Tieex world. The Southeast Regional Newsletter that he published for three years has always had 1^^® .a aixture of old news and soae of the eost up-to-date eaterial you could hope to find anywhere. The final issue has an excellent review of the SL which we will publish in g+rei;; our next issue. There are a lot of shortcoeings and problems Sat with the aachinti it is by no mans a great aachine, by no aeans an exceptionally fast aachina. It is itili, says the author of the review, good value for your aoney--ju$t not incredible or *awesoaek as soae teenage Yanks would have it.

4133 GOTO 0 4135 RUN USB 420© LET BrS+I 4202 RETURN

MOW TO t»E£T OFr XSUO

I sssuesr i a— ss*fc cr k

PROGRAMS „ REV

toy Ch

BACK I SSUES NEWSLETTERS? m -Fear- sS>55. OO

OX astvs-ss Mai 1

•fc €3 You ...

IEWS, INFORMATION ar 1 i • Day

Dear Mr. Dewey;

Hi * Hour are you? It has been along time since I've heard form you or TSUS. I haven't done anything wrong to get on forget this lids address list, have I ? Or is TSUG taking a summer break, fifter TIHEX left

me out in the could you can see why I'm a little afraid of any¬ thing behind schedule. I've

enclosed a review of the 20 SO modem. You want to talk about

world record grass mowing. I've done every btankity blank yard in Gaston County, but I got myself a modem. Hawg Ui id soft¬ ware has fig-fourth for the 2063. I received a very inform— itve letter form Mr. Smith. The price for the Fig-Fourth for the 2063 is 29.95 plus 2.00

P4h . The news only gets better they also have the CHAMELEON EPROM for 55.00 plus 2.O0 p&h along witha selection of Spect¬ rum software. That is about it for me. I want to thank-you! again for fixing my computer. Keep up the GREAT work!

Hardware Review: 2050 Modem

System: T/S 2063; T/S 1500;

T/S 1000 with T/S 1016

Price: $119.95

Manufacturer: Uestridge Com¬

munications, Inc., Marina Del Rey , ca 90292 ; (213) 306-4103

Supplier: E Arthur Brown Comp. 3404 Pawnee Dr ive .Alexandria ,

Mn 56308: (612) 762-3847

The 2050 modem is the same modem that TIMEX planned to market, but it is not being soitd under the TIMEX name. The 2050 is especially designed to work with all TIMEX computers so interfacing and operating is no problem. The 2050 comes with a informitve 27 page man¬ ual. The package also includes the power cable to the 2050, which is identical to the power Plug for the T/S 1000. The 2050 is attractivly designed and fits very neatly under the 2040 printer. The back of the modem has a jack for your phone, (but a phone is not nessary)a jack for the power supply and the Phone jack cord. The 2050 pack¬ age also includes Terminal I software. On one side of the tape is the software for the T/S 1000; T/S 1500, the other side has the software for the 2068. The modem has a constant baud rate of 300. This is about 30 characters per second, or about 300 words per minute. Some modems require you to dial using a telephone, and then dis¬ connect you phone. Ui th the Terminal software you can dial the "phone" fow your keyboard. The modem also has the exception -at feature of being able to answer the phone without anybody being present. Ui th the software you can set the duplex for either full of half. Half duplex is usually used when communicate -ing with other home computers, full duplex is used with main¬

frame computers. Uord size can be set for 5,6,7, or s. The most common is 7. Some computers require that blank bits be sent after each character this is called stop bits. You can have one or two stop bits. One is the most common. Parity is used to determine if the words re¬ ceived contain errors or not. The 2050 can have even, odd, or no parity. Even is most common. All of these parameters can easi ly be changed from the Menu in the software. If you are connected with an information service all of these parameters are set for what is most common, so chances are you will not need to change any of them. If you do need to change the parameters it is as easy as pressing two keys.

Communicating with the 2050 is simple. First load the soft¬ ware, plug the power into the

back of the modem. Next, if you are expecting a call from another computer owner you need only to enter the terminal mode so you can see the message. The modem will automaticaly answer the phone. if you want to call another computer, select the auto dial option, type the number in on the keyboard and press 'enter'. The computer will dial the number for you. if the line is busy or there is no answer the computer will inform you of this and return to the menu. If the other comp¬ uter answers and sends it's carrier tone the screen will have the message CONNECT appear on it. The computer will auto¬ maticaly enter the terminal mode. You are now ready to comnunicate with the other com¬ puter. There are alots of other nice features in Terminal I

software, for example you can print the screen display to the printer. The only option that I think would be nice if you could down-load and up-load data to and from tape. I'm

happy to report that this limi¬

tation is in the software not the hardware. I can only hope that Micro-Systems Inc., the

developer of the software does come out with the Terminal II software planned by TIMEX. I have been told that it has already been developed.

_ _ Xn summary I think that the

2050 modem is well worth the price. It is a simple to use modem and as far as I can tell it works fine with the T/S 2068 and T/S 1000. I have been unable to find the “bugs" that TIMEX claimed the modem had. I've called TIMEX to ask exactly what the so called “bugs" were, but they had no statement on the ■wtter . If you get your own

2050 I wi l l be more than happy to let you call me and test » tout . My number is- (704) -865- 8969. Happy telecommui cations to all of you* ! »

The UDGs Meet The Data Statement

By: Charlie Day

Accompanying this article is a simple but fun card game called "Acey- Ducy"* The game of course is another gmwHbr piece, and a silicon chips is a new snake food. Enough of the wise cracks, the purpose of this article is to describe the techniqjc used to create the eleven user defined graphics. (UDG). The method, described in the T/S 2068 manual for creating a UDG , can be akward at times. The BIN command is a very useful command, but by entering characters in this style they can’t easily be saved within a program.

To use the method 1 used to make the UDGs; simply make an 8 by 8 gride and in the squares darken the squares that you wish to have darkened. The top section of your grid might look like this;

128: 64: 32: 16: 8: 4: 2: 1

All we do now is add up any of the above numbers that is above a darkened square. In this example line we would have: 32+1 6+8+4- which of course equals 60. We would add up the values for the other same lines by using the same method. We would then set up a simple 'FOn.NEXT loop:

9000 FOB a*USR"a" TO USR V'+7 9010 READ user : POKE a, user 9020 NEXT a 9030 DATA 60 . .

We would then place the added up end line numbers in the data statement. If we had two user defined graphic characters line 9000 would read:

»

9000 FOR a=USR "a" to CSR "b"+7

Now type in my masterpiece and get to work on your own UDGs.

20 GO SUB 9000 30 LET d =50 40 GO SUB 7000 4S CLS

50 LET a =INT (RND*13)+1 60 LET b2=INT tRND+13) +1 62 IF RBS Cb2-a) <2 THEN 60 TO

65 LET q=INT (RND+13) +1

66 IF a =d OR b2=d THEN GO TO 6

70 PRINT RT 11,2; "r- —

71 LET b=INT CRND+4)

72 LET C =0

73 IF b=0 OR b=3 THEN LET C=2

80 LET b$=CHR$ t!44+b)

90 PRINT AT 12,2;*' I INK C ; b* ; INK 0; ** J "

100 PRINT RT 13,2;" 1“

110 PRINT RT 14-, 2;** I (CHR$ 3

AND a >=10) ; a ; ** I “

120 PRINT RT 15,2;" I"

130 PRINT RT 16,2;** I “i INK c;

b$; INK 0; “ I **

14.0 PRINT RT 17,2;

14-5 LET b=INT CRND+4)

150 LET b$=CHR$ 1 14-4-+b)

151 LET C=0: IF b=0 OR b=3 THEN

LET C=2

16© PRINT RT 11,8; "/ " —i **

170 PRINT RT 12,8; **!**; INK C ; b* ; INK ©;** l"

180 PRINT RT 13,8;“ I*’

190 PRINT RT 14., 3; ** | *'; (CHR* 8

AND b2> =10) ; b2; *' I**

200 PRINT RT 15,8;** I"

210 PRINT RT 16,8; “I ** ; INK c; b$; INK 0; ** I *'

220 PRINT RT 17 ,3; “

230 PRINT RT 1,5; "YOU have $**;d 24-0 PRINT RT 3,3; "HOW much do y ou bet my next" 'TAB 3; "card ties between “;a;“ and “;b2;“?"

250 INPUT e

260 IF e >d THEN GO TO 150 270 IF e<l THEN PRINT 'TAB 10; FLASH 1; "Coward"

280 PRINT TAB 10; "Hy number is

•• - q

290 IF e<l THEN GO TO 3000 300 IF NOT Cg>a AND g<b2 OR g<a AND g>b2) THEN 60 TO 350 310 PRINT 'TAB 5; "Well done, yo u win $";2+e 320 LET d=d+2*e 330 GO TO 3000

350 PRINT 'TAB 9; “Sorry, you to se $**;e 360 LET d =d-e

370 IF d < 1 THEN PRINT “YOU are broke** : GO TO 3020 3000 PRINT RT 20,10; "Press any k ey“: PAUSE 0 3010 GO TO 4-5

3820 INPUT “Press enter to play

again “; LINE a$: RUN

7000 BORDER 0: PAPER 4-: INK 9: C

LS •

7990 RETURN

9000 FOR a=USR “a" TO USR **k’*+7 9010 READ user: POKE a, user 9020 NEXT a: RETURN 9030 DATA 24,60,126,255,255,126, 60 , 24- , 24- , 60 , 90 , 255 , 255 , 90 , 24- , 60 , 16 , 56 , 124. , 254- , 254- , 64- , 16 , 56 9060 DATA 68 , 238 , 254- , 254- , 254. , 124. ,56, 16, 204., 204-, 51, 51, 204-, 204-, 51, 51,0,0,0,7, 15, 12, 24-, 24.

9090 DATA 0,0,0, 192, 240, 48, 24-, 24- ,24,24,12,15,7,0,0,0,24,24,48,24 0,192,0,0,0

9120 DATA 0,0,0,255,255,0,0,0,24 ,24,24,24,24,24,24,24

9990 REH abcdefghijk

9991 REH ♦ <* 4 ¥ $ r 1 w-l

9998 SAUE “acey** LINE 0

9999 UERIFY "acey"

Smart Mailbox By: Charlie Day’

Have a little time on your hands? Typing this in should keep you busy. Smart Mailbox is a simple mailing list program. I’ve had a dislike of arrays for sometime, this is basicly due to their wasted memory space.

To be able to perform the same task as an array without the wasted memory. I use this long string method. ’Vou have probably seen this method used before.

IB LET a$~CHR$ 3L ; LET p =0

100 PAPER 7: CLS : INK 4: BQRDE R 1

120 PRINT AT 1 , 10; "Smart Hai Ibo X

130 PRINT AT 4,5; I; TAB 10; “To E nter Address”; AT 6,5;2;TAB 10; “T o Delete Address"; AT 8,5; 3; TAB 1 0;*'To Edit Adress";AT 10,5; 4; tab 10. "To Search for Address"; AT 1 =' , 5; 5; TAB 18; "To Save Data“;AT 1 4,S;“6";TAB 10; “To Load Data"

210 PRINT FLASH 1;RT 20,6;" Ent er One Of Above"

220 LET q*=INKEY*

230 IF CODE q$<49 OR CODE q$>54 THEN GO TO 210 25® CLS

268 GO TO UAL- q $4 1000 1018 CLS . PRifrr "Enter Full Na me? **;. INPUT* b$: PRINT INK 8'b*

1058 IF b*=“** THEN GO TO 100 10t>0 LET a$=a$+b$+CHR$ 24 1070 print ,, "Enter Street Addre |S ? INPUT B$: PRINT INK 0b

1090 LET a $=a $ + b$+CHR* 25

1100 PRINT ,, "Enter city ? - I

NPUT B$: PRINT INK 0;b$

1120 LET a$=a$+b$+CHR$ 26 1130 PRINT ,, "Enter State INPUT &$: PRINT INK 0; b*

1150 LET 3$ =a$+h$+CHR$ 27

1400 PRINT ,, "Enter Zip ? . IN

PUT B$: PRINT INK 0;b*

1416 PRINT ' "Press any Ley to co ntinue": PAUSE 8 1420 LET a$=a$+b$+CHR$ 1 1430 GO TO 1000

2010 print AT 10,0; “Enter Keyiuor d of Data t o be De l e t e d ■ • -

2030 INPUT c $

2050 FOR n =1 TO LEN a*-LEN c* + i- IF a$in TO n+LEN C4-1) =c* THEN GO TO 2200 2070 NEXT n

2080 CL.S : PRINT AT 10,0; "DATA N OT IN FILE: : : " ' " "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE** : PAUSE 0 2090 CLS : GO TO 108 2200 FOR a=n TO 1 STEP -1

2210 IF CODE a$(a)=l THEN GO TO 2230

2220 NEXT a

2230 FOR b=n TO LEN a$

2240 IF CODE a$ ib) =1 THEN GO TO 2260

2250 NEXT b 2260 CLS

2270 PRINT ' a$ (a+1 TO b-1*

2275 RESTORE

2280 PRINT -'"IS THIS THE DATA BL OCK YOU WANT DELETED?" : PAUSE 0 2300 IF INKEY$="N“ OR INKEY$="n" THEN GO TO 2070

2318 LET a*=a*{ TO 3)+a*Cb+l TO LEN a £)

2320 GO TO 100

3010 PRINT * ' "Enter Keyword?".- I

3050 FOR n=l TO LEN a$-LEN c*+l

3060 IF a$cn TO n+LEN c$-l) =c$ T

HEN GO TO 3100

3070 NEXT n

3060 GO TO 2080

3100 FOR a=n TO 1 STEP -1

312« IF CODE a$ C3) =1 THEN GO TO

3x4-0

3130 NEXT a

3140 FOR b=n TO LEN a*

3150 IF CODE a$(b)=l THEN GO TO 3170

3160 NEXT b

3178 LET d$=a$(a+l TO b-1)

3175 GO TO 3800

3180 FOR i =1 TO LEN rf$

3190 IF CODE d $ C i ) =24 THEN GO TO 3210

3200 NEXT i 3210 CLS

3220 PRINT “Full Name is-"; d$ {

TO i -1)

3230 print '“Enter new name or p £*** enter for no change?"

3250 INPUT e t

3260 IF e*=“" THEN LET e$=d${ TO 1 -1)

^265 LET d$=e$+d$ Ci TO LEN d*)

3275 LET f$=e$+CHR$ 24

3280 CLS

3290 LET c =i +1

3300 FOR i =c TO LEN d$

3318 IF CODE (i ) =25 THEN GO TO 3330

3320 NEXT i

3330 PRINT - street address is-

";d$lc TO i-l)

3340 PRINT '"Enter new address o r press enter for no change?" 3360 INPUT e$

3370 IF e $=*'** THEN LET e$=d*(C T O i-I)

3380 LET f *=f $+e$+CHR$ 25

340© CLS

3410 LET C=i+i

3420 FOR i =c TO LEN d$

3430 IF CODE d$(i)=26 THEN GO TO 3450

3448 NEXT i

3450 PRINT '“City i s-";d»(c TO i

3460 PRINT '"Enter new city or p res s enter for no change?"

3470 INPUT e$

3480 IF e$=“ ** THEN LET e$=d$(C T O i-l)

3490 LET f $=f$+e$+CHR$ 26

3510 CLS

3520 LET C =i +1

3530 FOR i=C TO LEN d$

3540 IF CODE d$(i)=27 THEN GO TO 3568

3550 NEXT i

3560 PRINT '"State is-";d*cc TO i -1)

3565 PRINT '"Enter new state or press enter for no change'1'" 3580 INPUT e$

3590 IF e*=“" THEN LET e$=d£CC T O i-l)

3600 LET f*=f$+e*+CHR* 27

3620 CLS

3630 LET C=i+1

3640 PRINT "Zip Code iS-";d*Cc TO LEN d$) *

3650 PRINT '"Enter new Zip Code or press enter for no change*7" 3660 INPUT e$

3670 IF e$=**“ THEN LET e*=d$(C T O LEN d») ’

3688 LET f$=f$+e$

3700 CLS

3710 LET a$=3$( TO a)+f$+a*fb TO LEN a$)

3720 GO TO 100 3808 CLS

3810 PRINT INK 8;d*

3820 PRINT ""is this the corret data block?"

3830 PAUSE 0

3848 IF INKEY$="Y" OR INKEY$=“y“ THEN 60 TO 3130 3850 GO TO 3078 4018 CLS

4020 PRINT AT 10,0; "Enter Keywor d of Phrase?"

4040 INPUT C*: CLS 4078 FOR n=l TO LEN a* -LEN c t+1 4080 IF a*(n TO n+LEN c 4—1) =C$ T HEN GO TO 4200 ggg mfxt n

4100 PRINT AT 10,0; "Data not in fi le : :Piease check keyword"

4120 print ' ' "Press any key to c ontinue": PAUSE 8: GO TO 100 4200 LET nn=n 4205 FOR a=n TO 1 STEP -1

4230 IF a<ta>=CHR* 1 THEN GO TO 4220 NEXT a

4238 FOR b=n TO LEN a«

4300 IF a*(b)=CHR* 1 TMEN GO TO

4250 NEXT b '

4300 LET d$=a$ (a TO b)

4310 FOR n =1 TO LEN d$

♦320 IF CODE d$(n)=24 THEN GO TO

4330 NEXT n

P=1 THEN GO SUB 4850 4340 GO SUB 4800

4350 FOR n=l TO LEN d*

*437^IF co&e d* (n) =25 THEN GO TO

4370NEXT n

♦3TS IF p=l THEN GO SUB 4850

4380 GO SUB 4800

4390 FOR n=l TO LEN d$

n?f XP CODE d$(n)=26 THEN GO TO

4410 NEXT n

*♦*5 XF p=l THEN GO SUB 4860

4420 GO SUB 4848

4430 FOR n=l TO LEN d$

4-4-448 IF CODE d* (n> =27 THEN 60 TO

44-56 NEXT n

4-*S5 IF P=1 THEN 60 SUB 4360 GO SUB 4848

44.65 if p=i THEN LPRINT d*(2 TO

UEN d$-l> GO TO 4710

47CN9 PRINT XMfc. 0;d*(2 TO LEN d$-

4710 PRINT ' ' “Prci s 'P' to pr int . label toprinter"' '"Press s pace bar to return to Heno"

4711 PRINT '"Press any other ley to continue search”: PAUSE 0

47 L2 C1_S

4715 IF INKEY*="P" OR INKEY* ="p" THEN LET p=l: 60 TO 4070

4716 LET p=0

4720 IF INKEY* =" “ THEN 60 TO 10

4730 FOR n=nn+i TO LEN a$-LEN c* +1

4760 60 TO 4080

4799 STOP

4800 PRINT INK 0;d*C2 TO n-1)

S u p e r v SFietu B y 0 h 8 r u e r ; a g

I v € be € n a serious p rog r ame r f o -* about three years, and to this day. I've never i e s r n e d t o l i K e arrays. My rna i n d i s L i K e o f arrays is , the wasted memory space sometimes encountered. But what could I do, arrays are very powerful tools. My answer was to use string variables in s t e a d o f arrays. Now, wait before you get all excited, I Know a string variable cannot be as powerful as an array but it can be usedta s a v e memo r y r lc t me d emo nst rate :

10 print “Enter first n ame"

£0 INPUT F$

30 print “Enter middle name"

4.0 INPUT M$

50 PRINT “Enter last name*'

60 INPUT L $

70 LET A$=F$4M$4L$

60 PRINT A$

I K n ow wh a t y o u are t h 1 n K in? “That is great, n ow h ow a r e y o u going to separate the individual data i terns « “ How about i f we P i a c e d s ome t h i n g be f o re and after each piece of data. If we did this we could suce the string and read esc h charade r one at a t i me . uir» e n cue e n c o u n t - e r e d the s. orne t h i n g we p laced bet w een the d a t cj w e w o u i d r e a d o n u nt i i we f o u n d t h e n e x t s ome - thing , then we wo u I d K n ow e e r y — thing in be tween would be the data wanted. That is going to j ^ ° 1 1 1 1 e easier said t h a n

done • * he firs t p r o b i ern i s wh a t

do we place in the main s t r i n g to seperate the data. we can not use Just any character.

he reason for needing a special character is we do n o t w ant t o use a character t n a t m i g h t be P a r t of t h e m a in s t r i n g . Fo r t h e answer to the special* s ome - thing needed try the be l o w pro- grama .

T/S 1000

1 FOR I =£7 TO in £ P R I NT C HRS I

3 NEXT 'I -

For the T/S £066 change line 1 1 FOR I =£4 TO 31

fsO w r u n the p r o g r am . w h at do you mean aii you see is guest ion rn a r k s . T hose are u n u s e d

characters. But these are Chir¬ ac ters jus t the same . you wi l l not run into the p r o 1 1 e m o f these c h a r a c t er s being par t o f y o u r rna i n s t r i n g . Da i e t e line s one t h r o u g h t. h r a e * c h a r» o * .? * rf

4.820 LET d$=d$ (n TO LEN d*)

PFTI IPU

4840 PRIWT INK 0;d*C2 TO n-1) ; “

: LET d$=d$(n TO LEN d*) : RETU

RN

4850 LPRXNT d$C2 TO n-1): RETURN

4860 LPRINT d*(2 TO n-1) ; " i « ETURN

5010 INPUT "File name ?*>nf 5040 PRINT "Saving ;«*

5045 LET a=4_£N a*- C-IM b*Ca): LE

T a$=a*+" “ _

5050 FOR n=l 1*0 3: LET b$(n)=a*£

n TO n+1) • NEXT n

5060 Spot n* DfiTfl b* O

5090 GO TO 100

6005 CLEAR

6010 INPUT “Filename ?";n*

6020 LOAD n* DflTfi b*n

6025 LET i=L£N b* t) : PRINT i: ST

6030 LET a$=b$ l)

6050 60 TO 100

7000 SAVE “Mail" LINE 10

seventy to: LET A$=F$+CHR* 67+ M*+CHR$ 6 7 + L $ + 0 HR $ 67; for the

T/S 1000.; change the CHR$ 67 to CHR $ 24 for the T/S 2066.

Now run the program. Alright, so it does not do what I said it would do. I'm not finished yet. fldd the following lines to your p r o g r ami .

8© CLS

90 LET C=1

100 FOR 1=1 TO S

110 FOR N=C TO LEN A$

120 IF A$(N3=CHP$ 67 THEN GOTO 140

130 NEXT N M

140 PRINT *A$ £C TO #?- 1)

150 LET Ciir+1

160 NeXT f W

On the 2066 change CHR$ 67 in line 120 to CHR$ 24. N o a1 run the Program,

Tne variables s*e nou* neatly s eperate.d f o rm t n e m sin v a r i a fc I e A$. This technique is great in programs that require large a m o u n t s c f data , o f c c> u s e i t does h a v e 1 1 ' s d r a iu bee s . E u t it does c o n s e r v e m e m o r y .

1 REM This program uu . ; te l •: t r, e d a y o f t h e u<e e * t-h a t a a a t a iu ill fa 1 1 o n . Enter all c r omp t s in nurnberical form. Ex- ie/5/198

4

100

LET a $ =

“ MonTu

e we

d T h u F r i 5c

tSun

4 X

110

INPUT '

Wh St is

t h e

date of

t h e

day? " d

PRINT

u-‘ cf

y “ . d "

115

LET d*=

ST P $ d :

IF

l£N d $ > 2

THEN

GO TO i

10

120

INPUT "

Enter rno

n t h

t hat d a t

e o f

the day

is in

i fli

PRINT “M

on th " , m '

125 LET rn*=STR$ m. IF LEN m*>2 THEN GO TO 120

130 input "Enter the year (in f oil: ex 1984 ) " y : PR INT "V e s r " , y

14S LET y $ = ST R $ y. IF LEN y*<4 THEN GO TO 130 150 LET q ay - (m < 3 3 160 LET fc =q / 100 170 LET t =m + 12+ (m ■; 3 >

180 LET r 8 INT i 13+ £ t + 1 3 /5 ) + INT

( 5 4 q ,

-43 -INT K+INT £

K / 4 ) *t d 5

190

LET far- (7+ INT

.4 — . ^ ♦. \ ,

«. « / 3 3 4i

200

PRINT ' d ; /“ ; m

. * ; .. t • . . , . . : »

f *• , ’T ~

• a $

( r 4 3

TO r+3-23

210

PRINT ""Press

a n y f £ g t o

re

t u r n ’

*: PAUSE 8: GO

TO 100

ONE MOREL F^ROGRAM FROM CHARI _ I EZ

DAY

*7“ .•

•*’ — «L v.' v.'

1 R: EH H C £ Y - D U C E

2 L_ FT r, - r- ^

peer

w ! i*i ^ I

UnHK

WEEf-

'4 1 ; h ;

AND “ ; B ; .

120

SLOW

ISO

INPUT

E

160

TS= p PS

THtN w ! u X w 0

170

IF E < 1

THEN PRINT AT

e? pnD T — *1

w -L — A.

“ i-v

! mi r*

0 U H R L> ' '

*180 PRINT AT 7.5; "MY NUMBER

" ; C

7 NEXT j PRINT

3© LET flaINT (RND + 13'i +1 40 i_ET BaINT (RND + 13 3 +1 50 «L F H 5> Zi ■ l 5 — H ) cl T H iz N QT Q ;**i 0 £0 LET C=INT (PHD *13; -1

•' W jl F H = C 0 R E = C T HEN G O T O 6 0 o0 PR j.NT hT 11 1 , i=c: , ' 1 i hT i£ .

* ® H j -i- § , i L HR $ 0 hND

1m;«t 14,2; “| |“;ht 1

200

«*•

< r—

*

F *’ HM

.*■. * ."X

«•' j

IF

NOT (C

AND C

•. p -i

/ ;

Trie N

W W w

p, p h"

NT AT

WIN

$'“T

2 4E

230

WET

D =D+£

240

GOT

i-"; ;"?!

w: £L W

250

-r*

H H JL

NT AT

SE $“

; P

2 6 0

L

D =D-E

270

IF

D < 1 TH,

S : £ “ W i

0 O’ N* £T ’? ' w O

-I TUT i~-“r -1 !*>.

L!'3 1 Hi J. L- :

cr 1 >

90 PRINT AT 11,8; AT 12,

!i <chr it 0 and

I > +4.,c;; "| I" ; AT I

Y 0 U hPE B R D K E : :

2?R tf 0< 1 THEN STOP

260 PRINT* PT IS * 10 ; “PRESS RN%i

FV "

•’ K

035 PRINT

’ < mim

* i'x • ' ;

.• -L*C- :

PkEc 6

100 PRINT PH 1,5, “YOU HhUE $“;D .ili.0 PRINT hT 3,1; “HOU HU OH C;0 v ou SET MY NEXT" "I NUMBER LIES* BE

290 IF INKEY $=““ 300 CLS 310 GO i 0 M 9 9 0 S Pi U In ; : H C ES 999 PUN

! w* C.

by HI a^at ha Dsrmby

Hi D.mby h*« developed a nic. *20 to *30 addition to your TSZX computer. We will be reviewing it in the next issue. In ths meantime, here are some programs -for those 0+ you who have purchased a board recently.

PROGRAMS

THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS WILL ALLOW YOU TO CREATE AND SPUE THE CHARCTER SETS YOU CREATE ON YOUP PSEUDO -ROM BOARD. THEY FIX AND RUN IN A 2K COMPUTER. NOTE THAT THE SET SAUER ONLY SPUES THE GRAPHICS AREA OF THE CMARCTERS.

A BLOCK MOUE OF THE OTHER CHAR- CTERS BEFORE RELOADING SETS AUER WILL PRODUCE A RERDIBLE SCREEN.

CHAPCTER . MAKER

1 REM v 4 G 0 S U B ?T H N X X X X X X X X X

y y v y y

>. >.

1000

PRINT

1010

CLEAR

1020

INPUT

1 0 a.1 2 1030

FAST

U L C-

1032

DIM H

1040

A Q P V

1050

LE^ A

1060

L

1070

NEXT

1030

PRINT

1050

INPUT

1100

SAUE

1 1 10

LET L

1120

FOR X

1130

POKE

1140

LET L

1150

NEXT

1160

RAND

1170

CLEAR

1172

SLOW

1130

STOP

L =L + 1

“START RE CORE R . “

1 R t M Y 4 G 0 5 U B ? T A N

2 lET START =6192

10. PRINT “NEW CHARTER SET 7“

£0 INPUT P;$

30 IF A$=“YES“ THEN GOTO. 50 40 GOTO 100

50 PRINT “NEW SET STARTS AT?“ 52 INPUT START 54 FAST

56 FOR X =0 TO 511 6 0 P 0 H". in C S TAP!! 4- X ) , PEE K ( 7 S S 0 4 X

70 NEXT X 30 RAND USR 16514 32 SLOW

100 Pk INT hT 0*,0; “ WHAT lHhRu TER'? “ ; AT 21:0; “

110 INPUT C$

114 IFrC$=““ THEN STOP 116 PRINT AT 10,10:0$

120 LET CfiDD = ( CODE C$) 43 4 START 130 FOR X = 0 TO 7 140 PRINT AT 21,0; “LINE X4i 150 INPUT D $

152 IF D$=“ “ THEN GOTO 170 1 5 0 P 0 K m C A D D 4 X , U A L D $

Dear T/S Friend,

Due to an oversupply of certain issues, TIMELIHEZ is mating the to i lommg offer:

TIHELINEZ, the Joint publication ot three Tvs groups in the San Francisco /Oak land /San Jose area = will send free copies of the March and Hay issues upon request. Please send a legal size SASE containing 2 stamps.

TIMED INEZ P.o. BOX 1312 PACIFICA , CA 94044

Fee i f r ee to convey th is- offer to your fellow user group members.

ZEBRA SYSTEMS INC

78-06 Jamaica Avenue, Woodhaven NY 11421 (212) 296-2385

NEW ZEBRA SYSTEMS BULLETIN BOARD FOR TIMEX / Sinclair USERS * (212)296-2229

Zebra Systems, Inc. is proud to announce that the Zebra Systems BBS is now on¬ line and available To All Timex Modem Users,

The Zebra Systems BBS is devoted to Timex/Sinclair users nationwide. Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week it will be a central information exchange for Timex / Sinclair Computer owners across the U.S.A. Access to the BBS will be free of charge vOnly telephone company charges apply.), we do not charge for connect-time.

Features include:

* General Message Base for conversing with Users Nation-wide.

* SIGS (Special Interest Groups) pertaining to the TS-1000 A TS-2068.

* E-Mail Section for User— to— User private mail.

»

* Zebra Systems Shop-at-Home service for Timex/Sinclair related products.

* Up-To-Date News on Timex happenings, new products, product reviews, etc...

Zebra Systems BBS is on line and ready for your call at

(212) 296-2229.

WELCOME NEW USER! ! !

• Ul£ l come X 0 Z £ b r 3 ^ *4 £• X £ ff 1 £•

BBS!

• This- system is the first BBS in the Neu.' York Metropolitan area devoted exclusively to TIMEX/Si n c la i r computers and their users.

. ue hope to deep you up to date with new d e v e 1 0 pme n t s products, news, Product reviews and to be a central point of contact between you and other users of T IMEX /S i n c l a i r equ 1 pmen t .

. Feel free to as d questions of the other users about hardware, software, technical questions, or just sau hi! You will find Special Interest Groups (SIGs) in the Timex Sub -board section (Selection 82 in the MAIN MENU) . In the message bases accessed from that menu you may converse about your particular equipment in the appropriate sub-board.

. Many interesting TIMEX/Si n c la i r related products are available for purchase in the (Merchandise section. Before you purchase any product why don't you see if it's listed, and if so what our price is. This BBS is supported by sales of TIMEX/Si n c la i r p OOdUCts by ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC. If you see any prduct*yoa feel are useful to TIMEX/Si n c la i r users, please leave a Message to the Sysop describing the item, it's price, who manufactures it, and in which publication you saw the ad.

. Our growing Club section (Selection 84- from the Main Menu...) will contain listings of Timex clubs nation-wide, and message bases for those who request them. If you dnow of any groups or clubs NOT listed Please leave a message to the

Sy sop giving the n ame , m a 1 ling address, and a contact (preferably an officer) of that club.

. Please use a password

when logging on, this password insures that your private mail can only be read by you and you ONLY! Please do not give another user you password under any circumstances. If you forget your password, contact the Sysop in order to change or re -obtain your password. Please use a different password on this system than other BBS systems. You may change your Password and terminal specifications by accessing the

1 u 1 y section tr orn the MAIN MEh<U. (REMEMBER: upper & Lower case letters are treated as different characters, so please remember whether your password ujss entered in Upper or Lower case.)

. The one request we make of you in exchange for the pri vi ledge of using this system is that you respect the following policies reguarding it's use:

1 ) Please no cursing or foul language .

(This is a fami ly BBS, and we Timex users know better words than that anyway...)

2) ABSOLUTELY NO PIRATING OR TRADING MESSAGES! ! ! !

3) NO PHONE PHREAKING OR OTHER SERUICE ABUSE MESSAGES! ! !

(Both offenses are punishable by having access to this system permanently denied!)

4.) Please use your real name... Fake or obviously phony names will be purged from the User log along with any messages left using that name IMMEDIATELY!!!

. Your compliance to these rules will make your use of this system pleasant for all. and allow it's continued ex i stance as a Public "FREE” service. . .

PROGRAMMER ^ £3 UTILITY EPROM

OIL-I- ROBERTS

About two weeks ago I received the Programmer's Utility EF’RQM^from Delphic Enterprises, P.O. Box 72205, Corpus Chirti, Tx 784/*.. 1 received the EPROM about three weeks after mailing the check (which > think is -fairly quick turnaround). While 1 do not -feel that I *iaVe spent nearly enough time using the EPROM,' I wanted to share w-» 1 1 you my initial impressions.

With some trepidation, the £ PROM was installed in the left socket

(component side) 0+ a CA1/Q board. A word of caution — 1 -f a CAI.-D board

is used, and a stringy -floppy EPROM is also installed, the ie-ft socket is the only one which will work with the EPROM, As set up* the 8k to i Ok block of memory is used by the EPROM. When the computer was

powered up and USR 8192 entered, the menu actually came up. I have

tested all of the routines (except, for merge and unlock) and they work

great.

The eight routines eret Renumber, Copy, Search, Delete, Merge, Kem Kill, Free Space, and Unlock. In effect the TSZX can now oe expanded % to a lOK operating system. For example a section of code can now be * EASILY moved by using the Copy routine followed by deleting the old section of code. Another very useful item is the Merge routine. Although it is possible to merge two programes using the 8r. ROM, it is painful. With the Merge routine on EPROM however , it becomes much

easi ©r-~al most routine.

The shining star 0+ the EPROM is the Renumber routine. I do not know how many times 1 have had to renumber statements a* a program developed. Using the renumber routine makes the job almost a real joy.

There 1 s one item to be aware of — if "the edit line pointer is placed on a nonexistent, line at the end of a program’,., use of the Copy routine will cause unpredictable results. I feel the EPROM progt ams are very we! 1 written and the document. at 1 or, is also good. I qive the Froarammer’s Utility EPROM a solid 4,

a»

kOUNTAINEER

m. NORTH 7th AVENUE PADEN CITY, WV 26159

m SOFTWARE (304) 337-8502

GREETINGS FROM ”THE MOUNTAIN STATE”

My name is Bill Ferrebee, and I run MOUNTAINEER SOFTWARE in Paden City, WV. I would like to thank Douglass Dewey for the oppertunity to join this great T/S users group, and to be able to share ideas between each other. It Is this kind of unity that will keep our cause alive.

In the past few weeks, some very exciting things have hap-

t

pened for me. First, I just worked out a deal to write reviews and a monthly column on TELECOMMUNICATIONS for T-S HORIZIONS mag¬ azine. Rick Duncan has a great publication, and I hope that you will look for the articles.

Speaking of telecommunications, there is a BBS here in West Virginia that will soon gear an entire board specifically to T/S owners and users. The TRADE-80 board at (304)652-1416 is currently general use, but the Sysop just procured a 5-Mg Hard Disk drive, and by August 1, we will have our own board for a T/S SIG. Call now and register yourself. Leave me a message when you call. I hope to keep a fully stocked Bulletin section and plenty of pro¬ grams to download on the board.

Finally, I have a challange for someone to solve. I recent¬ ly purchased a 12-key keypad for an Atari 2600, I would like to convert it to use on my T/S 2068 to enter numbers. It uses the standard joystick plug, and I have enclosed a diagram of the active pins. If you know what modifications and software will be needed, please contact me at the address below. ^ ^

Y' £!Y © © ®

In closing, again I would like to express how happy I am to be a part of this group. Flease drop me a line or leave me a message on the BBS. Let's band together to further the Timex/ Sinclair!

00

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NEW for the TS2068... the TASMAN centronics onnter interface

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If you need *n interface for your full size printer, I can now supply you with the TASMAN centronics I/F. This unit is made to be used with the TS2068 computer. The I/F comes in a case about 2x3x1 inch deep which plugs tightly into the rear edge connector. A program cassette comes with the I/F that allows you to use LPRINT and LUST commands to make the printer work.

A screen COPY command is also available which is implemented by means of a RANDOMIZE USR call.

There are several advantages to using the TASMAN I/F. First, it comes in a case. This makes it nest in appearance and less prone to damage. Second, the print driver software that accompanies the interface is very flexible and allows you to use Just about any brand of parallel printer. There sre actually 6 different programs on the cassette that allow for screen copies of text, Hl-resolu-

^ln C0l0r W yourPrint«r csn handle it. This is in addition to the standard LrRlNT and LLIST functions. Third, the interface hardware consists of a 6821 PIA chip. If you're interested in learning how to write IN/OUT port programming of you're own. the TASMAN interface gives vou the advantage of working with a programmable interface adapter (PIA). That is, 2 parallel output ports and 2 parallel inputs all in one package.

Price for the TASMAN I/F is $90.00 ppd. Software and cables are included FREE.

That's a few bucks more than other interfaces, but you get a lot more too.

To order send 690.00 and ask for the TASMAN I7F.

^ ® cial For a limited time. Order the prowriter printer at the regular price and get tne , AbM AN printer interface for $30.00 OFF. That's a discount of 30 PERCENT'

Thomas £3 . Wooci* P.0. BOX 64, JEFFERSON, NH 03583 Phone <603) 586-7734

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*** NON -BREAKABLE PROGRAMS- ***

20 6 S Ea C *-. -Up Cop i e £

1. MERGE •••• - stop* Basic

P rcgr an-i . •

2. Add STOP statements

3. isolate the call -up command.

4 . F j r. i j h LOAD i n g p r o g r am a* i in c on', (7,3 n a s in the Imroe d i a t e mode .

5. Add SAvE statement - SCREENS a * e optional.

6. Try .31000 (O'- CODE reserved space. If p r o g r am c r a s h e s during LOADing, increase sire in i n c r erne n t s o f 1000 .

**♦*-*4 MEAT-RV APPROACH *--**rT John Re te re.cn <£13' -545-S5S1

Apr 15, 1954.

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LORD 11 SM CODE 16384 POKE 23659,0: PRINT

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PRINT USR 3276 S

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10 BORDER 1 : PARER' 1 . INr l :

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60 REM PRINT iJSR 3 2 7 6 8 69 STOP'

6© SAVE "P" LINE 5: SAVE "p "L'O DE 30001.02000 99 STOP'

Ran

FRIENDLY PROSR R THE BEGINNER By DOlvi NEISS Mi tcchel 1 S~t . dol ph o Man 0236

This is intended t© ©e the first in a series of articles designed to help the be® inn ins* pro9r*aPwn#r make his/her program* more user-friendly. for the very beg inner, this means making the programs so that someone who has never seen them and who knows nothing about computers can load it in and immediately be able to use it. . .

Wrap-around is when a computer is printing a word and reaches the edge of the screen ( or page if you are using a printer) in the middle of it. Half of the word is on one line and half is on the next. Aside from various machine code routine* (which I don't know anyway) such as the one in the MEMOTEXT unit that I am presently using, there are two common methods of handling the problem in BASIC. The first is to do the Job manually. As you enter the data, using (for example):

10 INPUT A* or

10 IF INKEY**" " THEN GOTO 10 20 LET R»* INKEY*

You car* count the number of letters, spaces, etc. that you enter. You could also watch the screen. If you start printing 3 spaces from the left, then one line i,s used each time the print 9ets to the second space from the left. This is OK but can be very slow and awkward.

There is an easier way. Instead of you watching the input, have the computer adjust the output. Here is a routine reprinted from the ZX Printer User's booklet that shows how to do this. (Reprinted by permission of Sinclair Research, Ltd. )

10 REM TEXT EDIT

20 IF LEN A* >32 THEN GOTO 35

25 LPRINT AS

30 RETURN

35 LET O0

40 IF 032 THEN GOTO 65 45 LET B*«H*(32-C)

50 IF A*( 33-C >*" " OR B*« " . " OR B*» " , *’ OR B*»" : “ OR B** " ; " OR B*«"?" OR BW-CHR* 11 THEN GOTO 70 55 LET OOl 60 GOTO 40 65 LET C*0

70 LPRINT R*( TO 32-C )

75 LET A*"R*( 33-C TO < )

@0 if r*( i >•** " Then let r*-r*(2 to >

90 GOTO 20

Notice that the text to be edited is stored in A*. To use this to edit output to the screen instead of the printer, just change lines 25 and 70 to read PRINT instead of LPRINT. I use this as a routine to get instructions for games readable.

THE CONTINUING SAGA OF COLUMNS

fc*y ~rsuts STAFF * DAVE ALFORD „ "TIMEX CAROLE CORCORAN

JAMES HI I CKO AND MANY OTHERS

toe it) 11 work on the 64 column mode. toe managed to acquire a nice tape of “bA-celumn Support* and have been using it and analysing it regularly. Below we have printed out a hex dump of the contents of the tape done by Dave Alford. He also did a disassembly of it, but we have not presented that disassembly here. Instead we have printed up a lone document we got with the tape that was programmed by Carole Corcoran of TIMEx, In it! present for*, the tape consists of 920 bytes of machine code starting at address 5?344j as is, the tape does nothing exciting. BUT wt know it is fairly worthwhile and we think it is a senes of pitches or subroutines that can be called to write to the 2068 screen in 64-column mode.

AND do other various and sundry things. The BIB PROBLEM is that the screen is darned hard to read with a fairly good 13“

monochroii amber screen monitor while the computer is running in the 64-column mode, Jim Hicks says that using Dick Scoviiie's screen darkening routine overcomes these drawbacks. There is a bit of code missing from Carole Corcoran’s commented disassembly, but many of you may enjoy getting your feet wet on this, toe will be happy to suppiv a tape of the machine code for 45.00, if you would like.

Jim Hicks has been working on this tape and on this material for a good long while and has many of the routines working nicely* thus gaining great speed and flexibility over the cumbersome efforts that all of us have been attempting up until now m modified BASIC. Jim cannot be reached by phone unless you are a HAN, but hts address is James Hicks, Rt . 1,

Box 41-B, Bahama, NC 27503. Next month we will publish two more methods of attaching R&B monitors to the 2068| one

method is James hicks' and the other is Peter orvisL In the meantime, read John Ohger's explanation o£ what happens

with his board and you will understand the circuits we present next month a bit better.

Dave Alford has also played around with this 64-column material some and his address is Dave Alford, 112 Koehler _ , I Crescent, Newport News, VA 23606. Dave has also worked on ROW calls in the Spectrum and 2068 along with John H, Brown, '

Jr. of Albuquerque, toe hope to present that material next time in seme useable fashion. Dave saysi “The 21 18h at EO 2Eh and the ?0h at EO 32h set the line length at 32 characters. Change them to correspond to the list for ^4^c0lu§ns~Ty making them 41 18h and 40h respectively/*

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32

£8

3C

4F

E390M

ED

48